NEW Lab 7

Larynx Anatomy

• The Adam’s apple (Laryngeal Prominence) is from an enlargement in the thyroid cartilage!

• The epiglottis keeps food from entering the airway

• Unpaired: epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage

• Paired: Arytenoid cartilage and corniculate cartilage

Pharynx Anatomy

• The pharynx contains stratified squamous epithelium

• The nasal conchae are in the naval cavity and increase surface area to humidify and warm inspired air

• The oropharynx is a shared passageway for air and food

• The esophagus receives food and lies posterior to the trachea

Respiratory System Overview

• Bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.

• Air moves in and out as the lungs expand and contract during breathing.

• Alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas exchange happens.

• Surfactant (a lipoprotein complex formed by alveolar cells) is a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli

• Surfactant helps keep the alveoli from collapsing, keeps the lungs dry, and makes breathing easier.

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Anatomy of the Respiratory System 2

Anatomy of the Respiratory System 3

• Gas exchange occurs in the bronchioles and the alveoli

• Intrapulmonary pressure: the pressure in the alveoli

Physics of Gas Exchange

• Henry’s Law: a gas will dissolve into a liquid in proportion to its partial pressure and at a speed dependent on the concentration difference between the gas and liquid

• Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures: the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases will equal the sum of the partial pressures exerted independently of each of the gases in the mixture

• Boyle’s Law: at constant temperature, the pressure of gas varies inversely with its volume