final physics

scalar

• quantity with magnitude only

• mass, temperature, time

vector

• a quantity with magnitude and direction

• displacement, velocity, force, acceleration

acceleration

rate of change in velocity

acceleration due to gravity

-9.8 m/s²

1 dimensional motion

motion of an object in just the x- or the y-direction

2 dimensional motion

motion of a projectile

parabolic path

the shape of a projectile’s path

intertia

• the tendency of an object to resist a

  change to its state of motion

normal force

• force perpendicular to a surface that is a result of a surface

net force

the total force acting on an object

force of friction

force parallel to a surface that opposes an object’s motion

difference between distant and displacement

• Distance – the total amount traveled (scalar)

• Displacement – the distance between an object’s starting point and its ending point (vector)

example of 0 displacement

• When an object ends in the same position at which it started

A woman runs around a race track with a constant speed. Is her acceleration equal to zero?

No, acceleration is constantly changing because acceleration is a vector and direction changes as the woman runs around the track

What is the meaning of zero slope on a displacement vs. time graph?

This means the object is not moving

What is the meaning of positive slope on a displacement vs. time graph? Negative slope?

Positive slope – positive constant velocity

Negative slope – negative constant velocity

What is the meaning of zero slope on a velocity vs. time graph?

constant velocity

What is the meaning of positive slope on a velocity vs. time graph? Negative slope?

acceleration or deceleration

In what situations can, g = 9.8 m/s2 be used as the acceleration?

when a object is in freefall

explain newtons first law

An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force, inertia

newtons second law

F = ma

the force applied to an object equals the object's mass multiplied by its acceleration

newtons third law

For every action there is an equal, but opposite reaction

An object that is not moving has an acceleration of 0 m/s2, when is another time an object could have an acceleration of zero?

When the object is moving at a constant velocity

Theory of Universal Gravitation

all objects that have mass exert a gravitational force

impulse

• a force exerted over a period of time

momentum

an object that has mass and is in motion

isolated system

no external forces acting

conservation of momentum

the total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after a collission

elastic collision

two objects collide and bounce off of each other

inelastic collison

two objects collide and stick together

gpe gravitation potential energy

energy that results from an object’s position and mass

kinetic energy

energy that results from an object’s motion and mass

spring potential energy

energy that results from the compression or stretching of an elastic object

spring constant

k, numerical value that describes a spring

total mechanical energy

total energy in a system

Compare and contrast the force of Universal Gravitational Attraction and the force found using Coulomb’s Law?

Universal Gravitation is only attractive, Coulomb’s Law is both attractive and repulsive

If the distance between two objects is doubled, what happens to the gravitational force between them?

When distance is doubled, the force is decreased by a factor of 4

What are the units for impulse and momentum?

Kgm/s or Ns

Under what circumstance could a 150 kg bicycle have more momentum than a 15000 kg car?

if the bicycle were moving very fast

Under what conditions is momentum conserved?

In an isolated system; no external force affecting the system

What does negative work indicate?

the direction of the force and the direction of the motion are opposite

potential energy

When you do work on an object what does that object now have?

Explain how the Law of Conservation of Energy relates to a swinging pendulum.

Describes how a pendulum will never exceed its initial maximum height

polarize

when an object is overall neutral, but has a negative side and a positive side

friction

method of charging in which two objects are rubbed together

conduction

charging by contact

induction

method of charging in which there is contact

electroscope

device that is used to detect the presence of charge

coulomb

unit of charge

attraction

opposite charges attract

repulsion

like charges repel

net force

total force acting on an object/charge

electrostatic force

force between two or more charged particles

electric field lines

graphical representation of the electric force

ampere

unit of current

ohm

unit of resistance

potential difference

voltage, energy needed to move charges

Is a polarized object charged?

polarized object is not charged because it still has an even number of electrons and protons.

If a plastic rod is rubbed with fur and then the rod charges an electroscope by induction what would be the charge on the electroscope?

The plastic rod would become negative as the fur readily gives up electrons. The electroscope would become positive when charged by induction.

What would be the charge on the electroscope if the method of charging was conduction?

If charged by conduction with the negatively charged plastic rod, then the electroscope would also become negative.

Is Coulomb force a vector or a scalar quantity?

vector

What is constant in a series circuit and what is constant in a parallel circuit?

Current is constant in a series circuit. Voltage is constant in a parallel circuit

What information is provided by electric field lines?

The direction of the electric field, the magnitude of the electric field, the charges creating the electric field

A 0.2 m maximum wave pulse traveling down a string meets a 0.2 m minimum wave pulse. For an instant, the string becomes flat. This is an example of

interference

Pitch is the same as

frequency

A 25 Hz tuning fork and a 30 Hz tuning fork are struck at the same time. The slight variation in the loudness of the sound produced is referred to as

beats

The ___ frequency is the frequency that an object naturally vibrates at.

resonant

The perceived change in frequency which results when the source of a sound is in motion relative to the observer

of the sound is called ___.

the doppler affect

Waves transfer ___ from one location to another.

energy

All forms of electromagnetic (EM) radiation ___.

travel at 300,000,000 m/s in a vacuum

The time needed for a wave to make one complete cycle is its ___.

period