J.1 intro animals
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45 Terms
What key characteristic do all animals share?
They obtain nutrients by ingestion.
Why is obtaining food often complex in animals?
it may require specialized structures, behaviors, thought, and responses to stimuli.
What are two broad feeding strategies found in animals?
Passive feeding and hunting.
What determines the diversity of feeding methods in animals?
Their level of development and specialization.
What does the phylogenetic tree organize animals by?
Symmetry, tissue development, and body cavity development.
Symmetry, tissue development, and body cavity development.
More specializations.
What is true of the four lower invertebrate phyla studied in this unit?
they lack body cavities
What is bilateral symmetry?
One plane of symmetry dividing the body into left and right halves.
Give examples of animals with bilateral symmetry.
Worms and snakes.
What is radial symmetry?
Having multiple planes of symmetry.
What type of symmetry do sea stars have?
Radial symmetry.
What is asymmetry?
Having no symmetry.
What does lateral mean?
the sides of the body
What does dorsal mean?
The back or upper surface.
What does ventral mean?
The lower surface, often facing the ground.
What does anterior mean?
the head end
what does posterior mean
the tail or anus end
what is the oral surface
the surface containing the mouth
Why can't terms like anterior and posterior be used for radially symmetrical animals?
Because they lack cephalization and a true head region
What is cephalization?
The concentration of nervous tissue at the head end.
What structure often forms because of cephalization?
A brain.
what is a sac like digestive system
A digestive system with one opening serving as both mouth and anus.
What is a one-way digestive system?
A digestive system with separate mouth and anus.
Why is a one-way digestive system more efficient?
.
It allows specialization of digestive organs.
what does sessile mean
permanently attached and not moving from place to place
how do sessile animals obtain food
by passive feeding
what does mobile mean
capable of moving and relocating
Why do mobile animals move?
to find food, avoid predators, or respond to environmental changes.
What type of symmetry is most common in mobile animals?
Bilateral symmetry.
What are gametes?
Reproductive cells (sperm and ova).
What type of cells are gametes?
Haploid.
What is a zygote?
A diploid cell formed by the fusion of sperm and ova.
What does the zygote become?
A new individual.
Which animals commonly reproduce asexually?
Less specialized animals.
What is polymorphism?
Having more than one distinct body form during the life cycle.
What process changes one body form into another?
Metamorphosis.
Why is polymorphism advantageous?
It reduces competition for food and increases distribution.
What are broadcasters?
Animals that release gametes into the water.
Which animals are commonly broadcasters?
A: Simpler aquatic animals.
What factors increase success in broadcast fertilization?
Timing and location.
Why do many land animals require mating behaviors?
Their gametes would die if exposed to air.
What is a hermaphrodite?
An organism with both male and female reproductive organs.
Do most hermaphrodites self-fertilize?
no
What type of fertilization is encouraged in hermaphrodites?
Cross-fertilization.
How is cross-fertilization promoted?
By timing the release of sperm and ova.