Untitled Flashcards Set

What is the center of the atom called?

The nucleus.

What do protons carry?

A positive charge.

What do neutrons carry?

A neutral charge.

What can happen to a nucleus when it has too many neutrons compared to protons?

It becomes unstable.

What is an isotope?

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Define radioisotopes.

Atoms with unstable nuclei that eject particles or electromagnetic waves.

What is the stable ratio of protons to neutrons?

1:1 ratio.

What type of particles are involved in alpha decay?

Alpha particles.

What type of decay occurs when a neutron transforms into a proton?

Beta decay.

What is gamma radiation?

High energy electromagnetic radiation that can interact with matter.

What does the term 'half-life' refer to in radioisotopes?

The time it takes for half the nuclei of a radioisotope to decay.

What is the biological effect of ionizing radiation?

It can remove electrons from cells/molecules and may cause cell death or mutation.

What are the three types of radiation from radioactive decay?

Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.

What can alpha particles be blocked by?

A layer of dead skin or sheet of paper.

How deep can beta radiation penetrate the skin?

More deeply than alpha particles.

What is the danger level of gamma radiation?

Very dangerous; it can travel through skin, bone, and aluminum.

What happens to cells exposed to ionizing radiation?

They can be destroyed or mutated.

What is emitted during gamma decay?

Powerful electromagnetic waves called gamma rays.

Why are beta particles more penetrating than alpha particles?

They are smaller and faster.

What are the health implications of high levels of ionizing radiation?

Increased risk of cancer and genetic mutations in offspring.