COLOR (MERGED)

Sensory Data

Visual Material, image, video, environment

Knowledge stored in the brain

personal experience, prior knowledge, system of beliefs

Inference about what is out there

last step of perceiving visual information

Gestalt

german term for looking at the whole before the individual parts

similarity

continuation

clousure

proximity

figure-ground

symmetry

common fate

penrose’s impossible staircase

kokichi sugihara

renault logo, optical art

klein bottle

moebius strip

blivet

bezold effect

hering illusion

chubb illusion

cafe wall illusion

hermann grid illusion

fraser spiral illusion

ebbinghaus illusion

impossible cube illusion

isometric illusion

jastrow illusion

kanizsa triangle

poggendorf illusion

orbison illusion

necker cube

lilac chaser (pac-man)

checkershadow illusion

hue definition

the degree to which a stimulus can be described as similar to or different from stimuli that are described as red, green, blue, and yellow (unique hues), orange and violet, for a total of six as in the rainbow.

hue range

0 - 255

value

the quality of lightness or darkness. black is a low value, white is a high value.

chroma

the quality of a color’s purity, intensity, or saturation

hue

pure color

tint

hue + white

tone

hue + grey

shade

hue + black

additive colors

the colors of light (screens)

subtractive colors

the color of pigment, paints, and inks

rgb

red, green, blue

cmyk

cyan, magenta, yellow, black

hsl / hsb color mode

defines colors in desktop graphic programs that closely match the way we perceive color

hsl

hue, saturation, luminosity

hsb

hue, saturation, brightness

saturation

the degree to which the hue refers from a neutral grey

saturation range

0 - 255

luminosity

the level of illumination

luminosity range

0 - 255

luminosity of an original value hue

128

alpha channels

edit and store selections as masks

spot color channels

add spot color plates for printing

bit depth

specifies how much color information is available for each pixel

rgb bit

24-bit

scanners resolution

1200 - 9600 ppi

professional publications resolution

600 - 1000 ppi

inkjet or laser resolution

300 ppi or higher

photographic print resolution

at least 300 ppi

large poster images resolution

150 - 300 ppi

projector resolution

72 ppi

1 byte

8 bit

culture

influences color meaning

color modes in Photoshop

bitmap, greyscale, RGB color, CMYK color, lab color, indexed color, duotone, multichannel

color modes determine

how a digital image will be represented on screen or in print

RGB

(red, green, blue) color mode used for digital and web

CMYK

(cyan, magenta, yellow, black) color mode used for print

Spot

color mode used for offset print

minimum amount of channels in an image

1

channel

stores information about color elements in an image

color modes that have 1 channel

bitmap, grayscale, duotone and indexed

color modes that have 3 channels

rgb and lab

color mode that has 4 channels

cmyk

channels

grayscale images that represent each of the color components of the image

alpha channels

channels used for storing and editing selections as masks

spot color channels

channels used to add spot color plates for printing

bit depth

specifies how much color information is available for each pixel

8-bit per pixel

256 possible values for each channel and over 16 million possible color values

24-bit images

RGB images with 8-bit per channel

True color images

RGB images with 24-bit

HDR

High Dinamic Range

High Dinamic Range Images

16-bpc or 32-bpc images

bits in a bitmap

1 bit

bits in grayscale

8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit

bits in RBG

8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit

bits in CMYK

8 bit, 16 bit

bits in Lab

8 bit, 16 bit

use for indexed color mode

web page design

use for grayscale color mode

image processing

10-bit depth is visually identical to

14 bit or more

bitmap color mode

mode with two colors, black&white, 1 bit color depth

Bitmap or Raster image

the way the drawing package draws the graphic

Microsoft Bitmap

the raster image file format .bmp used to store bitmap digital images, independently of the display device, especially on Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating systems

Scanners

can capture images with 1.200 – 9.600 ppi

Pantone

standardized color reproduction system

Gestalt

German term for unified whole, refering to the way in which humans, when looking at a group of objects, will see the whole before individual parts

Emergence

Reification