Motivation

What is motivation

it is the amount of effort and persistance we direct towards a goal

Maslow’s Hierachy of needs

Self actualisation

• creativity, spontaneity

esteem

• confidence

Belonging

Security

Physiology

• maslow says we want lower order needs to be met before higher order needs.

needs drive behaviours aimed towards an incentive

Learned needs model

people value achievement, affiliation and power. People are motivated by different things. Peoples needs vary overtime based on experience.

Expectancy theory

effective motivation force: EP PO V

EP: expectation that increasing our effort leads to increased performance (expectancy)

PO: expectation that inceased performance allows us to get a positive outcome (instrumentality)

V: valence: our feelings towards outcome

Equity theory

Suggests we are motivated to maintain an equitable exchange relationship (we compare effort with reward)

ratio: outcomes/input

perceived inequity—> inbuilt tension—> motivation to reduce tension—> response to inequity

responses to inequity

• distorting our or others efforts

• moving jobs

• altering efforts

  • comparison

intrisnic motivation vs extrinsic motivation

• internal motivation based on relationship between worker and task (feeling compentent, confident, purposeful)

• extrinsic motivation: motivation external to task

Job design and empowerment

• can design jobs to align with intrinisc motviation

  • non-repetitive, purposeful, collaborate

• Can empower people

  • empowered people feel autonomjy, purposeful, confident

    • can do this by

      • providing clear visions

      • giving support

      • and teamwork.

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