topic 3: Chemical Bonding

3.1.2 explain the factors influencing the electronegativities of the elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic radius and shielding by inner shells and sub-shells

3.1.3 state and explain the trends in electronegativity across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table

3.5.1 state and explain the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules by using VSEPR theory, including as simple examples:

3.6.1b use the concept of hydrogen bonding to explain the anomalous properties of H₂O (ice and water): • its relatively high melting and boiling points • its relatively high surface tension • the density of the solid ice compared with the liquid water

3.6.2 use the concept of electronegativity to explain bond polarity and dipole moments of molecules