SSP - PRELIM

can be defined as study of men living in society. It was said that man is a political animal. This observation was broadened in to the view that he is a social animal. Social sciences deal with group’s activity and achievements.

Social Science

A French  philosopher who coined the term sociology as a way to apply natural science principles and techniques to the social world in 1838.

Auguste Comte (1798-1853)

an American psychologist, educator, and author of self-help books. 

According to him social sciences as those mental or cultural sciences which deal with the activities of the individual as member of the group.

Martin Seligman

” social science as a general term for all the sciences which are concerned with the human affairs.”

HENRY PRATT FAIRCHILD

social sciences are concerned with the laws that govern society and the social department of man.

Peter Lewis

is derived from the Latin word “religio” which means “respect for what is sacred” or “reverence with the gods”.

religion

Basic Elements of Religion

1. Belief in Supernatural Powers

2. Belief in the Holy or Sacred

3. System of Rituals

4. Sinful Acts

5. The Method of Salvation

6. Mode of Worship

7. Place of Worship

8. Liturgy and Ideology

Every religion believes in the existence of some supernatural powers or forces

Belief in Supernatural Powers

In religion, there are things which are regarded as holy or sacred. It constitutes the heart of the religion.

Belief in the Holy or Sacred

Rituals are the practical side of religion. It includes varieties of behaviour such as wearing of special type of cloth, reciting prayers, hymns, taking birth in holy rivers, singing, dancing, crawling, fasting, etc.

System of Rituals

Every religion defines certain acts as sacred or righteous and other acts as profane and sinful.

Sinful Acts

Salvation is the ultimate goal of life.

The Method of Salvation

Each religion has a specific procedure of worshipping

Mode of Worship

Each religion has a definite place of worship.

Place of Worship

Different religions practice public relation rites and rituals in fixed form and they also have specific ideology that may be handed down with an oral tradition or written one.

Liturgy and Ideology

derived from a Hebrew term “Yehudah” which means Judah.

Judaism

Founder, Place of Origin, and Holy Scripture of Judaism

Founder/s	Moses is the main founder of Judaism but its history can be traded as far as Abraham. Its symbol is known as Star of David.
Place of Origin	Israel – The Land of Jews
Holy Scripture/s	Tanach (Jewish Bible) which is composed of Pentateuch (Torah), the Prophets, and the Writings.

is the predominant religion in the world.  It is a Christian religion founded on the teachings of Jesus Christ. The origin of the word Christianity is the Greek term “Christos” meaning anointed referring to Jesus Christ.

Christianity

The central teachings of traditional Christianity are that Jesus is the Son of God, the second person of the Trinity of God the Father, the son, and the Holy Spirit.

Basic Teaching of Christianity

means submission to the will of Allah. Its followers are called Muslim (Moslem) which means the one who submit to Allah.

Islam

Founder, Place of Origin, and Holy Scripture of Islam

• The prophet Muhammad  (peace be upon him), who was born in A.D. 570 a Mecca, in Saudi Arabia, was often regarded as the founder of Islam. He was the last prophet to be sent by Allah.

• Saudi Arabia with Mecca as its holy city.

• The Quran is considered the word of God, and as a result, many people feel that the only way to experience the text in its full form is to read it in the original Arabic.

• FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM: Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Saum, Hajj

is the world's oldest religion, according to many scholars, with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years. 

Hinduism

Founder, Place of Origin, and Holy Scripture of Hinduism

• foundation is uncertain but Hindus believe that it was Indo-Aryans who founded the said religion. Its nature of belief is polytheistic.  

• Indus Valley in India

• VEDAS

• Hindus believe in reincarnation (transmigration of the soul).