Chapter 2

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Research process and role of theory

Last updated 4:05 AM on 6/4/26
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25 Terms

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Theory

a set of interrelated propositions that present a systematic view of a phenomenon

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Components of Theory
Conceptual definitions, operational definitions, and functional relationships
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Communication Theories
Help understand, explain, predict, challenge, and extend communication behaviors
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory
People seek to reduce uncertainty in initial interactions
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Verbal Communication & Uncertainty
More communication leads to less uncertainty
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Nonverbal Expressiveness & Uncertainty
More expressiveness leads to less uncertainty
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Information-Seeking Behavior
High uncertainty increases information seeking
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Intimacy & Uncertainty
Low uncertainty produces higher intimacy
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Reciprocity & Uncertainty
High uncertainty produces high reciprocity
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Similarities & Uncertainty
Similarities reduce uncertainty; dissimilarities increase it
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Liking & Uncertainty
Less uncertainty increases liking
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High uncertainty levels

  • info seeking behavior

  • decreases intimacy level

  • high rate of reciprocity

  • decreases in liking

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Low uncertainty levels

  • increase in verbal communication

  • nonverbal expressiveness

  • high level of intimacy

  • low reciprocity rate

  • increase in liking

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Theory-Research Interface
Theory frames, contextualizes, and defines the focus of research
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Uncertainty Management Theory
Brashers (2001)
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Expectancy Violations Theory
Burgoon (1978)
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Predicted Outcome Value Theory
Sunnafrank (1986)
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Theory of Motivated Information Management
Afifi & Weiner (2004)
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Inductive Research Model
Specific to general (bottom-up approach)
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Inductive Sequence
Observation → Pattern → Hypothesis → Theory
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Purpose of Inductive Research
Use data to develop theories
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Deductive Research Model
General to specific (top-down approach)
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Deductive Sequence
Theory → Hypothesis → Observation → Confirmation
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Purpose of Deductive Research
Test and confirm hypotheses
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Theory & Research Relationship
Research validates theory (deductive) and develops theory (inductive)