Childbearing Family with Special Needs

These flashcards cover key concepts related to childbearing families, adolescent pregnancy, delayed childbearing, substance abuse impacts, and parental responses to pregnancy loss.

Adolescent Pregnancy

Pregnancy occurring in individuals aged 19 or younger.

Geriatric Pregnancy

Pregnancy in women aged 35 or older, associated with increased maternal and fetal risks.

Maternal Effects of Substance Abuse

Negative health impacts on the mother due to substance use during pregnancy.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)

A range of effects that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.

Low Birth Weight (LBW)

A term used to describe infants who are born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

Abuse by a current or former partner or spouse, including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.

Congenital Anomalies

Birth defects that change the shape or function of one or more parts of the body.

Perinatal Loss

The loss of a fetus or newborn during pregnancy or shortly after birth.

Preterm Labor

Labor that occurs before 37 weeks of pregnancy.

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

A withdrawal syndrome in newborns resulting from maternal substance use.

Adolescent Pregnancy

Pregnancy occurring in individuals aged $19$ or younger.

Geriatric Pregnancy

Pregnancy in women aged $35$ or older, associated with increased maternal and fetal risks.

Maternal Effects of Substance Abuse

Negative health impacts on the mother due to substance use during pregnancy.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)

A range of effects that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.

Low Birth Weight (LBW)

A term used to describe infants who are born weighing less than $5 \text{ pounds, } 8 \text{ ounces}$.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

Abuse by a current or former partner or spouse, including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.

Congenital Anomalies

Birth defects that change the shape or function of one or more parts of the body.

Perinatal Loss

The loss of a fetus or newborn during pregnancy or shortly after birth.

Preterm Labor

Labor that occurs before $37 \text{ weeks}$ of pregnancy.

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)

A withdrawal syndrome in newborns resulting from maternal substance use.

Preeclampsia

A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure ($BP \geq 140/90 \text{ mmHg}$) and signs of damage to another organ system, typically the liver or kidneys, often occurring after $20 \text{ weeks}$ of gestation.

Gestational Diabetes

A form of high blood sugar that affects pregnant women who have not been previously diagnosed with diabetes.

Placenta Previa

A condition where the placenta lies low in the uterus and partially or completely covers the cervix, which can cause severe bleeding during pregnancy and delivery.

Placental Abruption

A serious condition in which the placenta starts to detach from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery, potentially depriving the fetus of oxygen.

Ectopic Pregnancy

A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside the main cavity of the uterus, most commonly occurring within a fallopian tube.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

A severe type of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that can cause dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances.

Teratogen

Any agent (such as a chemical, virus, or drug) that can cause physical or functional defects in the embryo or fetus after the mother is exposed during pregnancy.

Postpartum Depression

A complex mix of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that

Adolescent Pregnancy

Pregnancy occurring in individuals aged $19$ or younger.

Geriatric Pregnancy

Pregnancy in women aged $35$ or older, associated with increased maternal and fetal risks.

Maternal Effects of Substance Abuse

Negative health impacts on the mother due to substance use during pregnancy.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)

A range of effects that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.

Low Birth Weight (LBW)

A term used to describe infants who are born weighing less than $5 \text{ pounds, } 8 \text{ ounces}$.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

Abuse by a current or former partner or spouse, including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.

Congenital Anomalies

Birth defects that change the shape or function of one or more parts of the body.

Perinatal Loss

The loss of a fetus or newborn during pregnancy or shortly after birth.

Preterm Labor

Labor that occurs before $37 \text{ weeks}$ of pregnancy.

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)

A withdrawal syndrome in newborns resulting from maternal substance use.

Preeclampsia

A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure ($BP \geq 140/90 \text{ mmHg}$) and signs of damage to another organ system, typically the liver or kidneys, often occurring after $20 \text{ weeks}$ of gestation.

Gestational Diabetes

A form of high blood sugar that affects pregnant women who have not been previously diagnosed with diabetes.

Placenta Previa

A condition where the placenta lies low in the uterus and partially or completely covers the cervix, which can cause severe bleeding during pregnancy and delivery.

Placental Abruption

A serious condition in which the placenta starts to detach from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery, potentially depriving the fetus of oxygen.

Ectopic Pregnancy

A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside the main cavity of the uterus, most commonly occurring within a fallopian tube.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

A severe type of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that can cause dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances.

Teratogen

Any agent (such as a chemical, virus, or drug) that can cause physical or functional defects in the embryo or fetus after the mother is exposed during pregnancy.

Postpartum Depression

A complex mix of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes occurring after childbirth, often characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities.

HELLP Syndrome

A life-threatening obstetric complication considered a variant of preeclampsia, involving Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count.

Rh Incompatibility

A condition that occurs when an $Rh\text{-negative}$ mother is pregnant with an $Rh\text{-positive}$ fetus, which can lead to maternal antibody production against fetal red blood cells.

Polyhydramnios

An excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac, often defined as an Amniotic Fluid Index ($AFI$) greater than $24 \text{ cm}$.

Oligohydramnios

A deficiency of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac, often defined as an Amniotic Fluid Index ($AFI$) less than $5 \text{ cm}$.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS)

A type of bacteria that can be found in a pregnant person's vagina or rectum; it can be passed to the baby during delivery, usually requiring antibiotics during labor if the mother is a carrier.

Shoulder Dystocia

An obstetric emergency that occurs when the fetal head is delivered but the anterior shoulder becomes stuck behind the mother's pubic bone.

Cervical Insufficiency

A condition in which the cervix begins to dilate and efface without contractions, typically in the second trimester

Adolescent Pregnancy

Pregnancy occurring in individuals aged $19$ or younger.

Geriatric Pregnancy

Pregnancy in women aged $35$ or older, associated with increased maternal and fetal risks.

Maternal Effects of Substance Abuse

Negative health impacts on the mother due to substance use during pregnancy.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)

A range of effects that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.

Low Birth Weight (LBW)

A term used to describe infants who are born weighing less than $5 \text{ pounds, } 8 \text{ ounces}$.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

Abuse by a current or former partner or spouse, including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.

Congenital Anomalies

Birth defects that change the shape or function of one or more parts of the body.

Perinatal Loss

The loss of a fetus or newborn during pregnancy or shortly after birth.

Preterm Labor

Labor that occurs before $37 \text{ weeks}$ of pregnancy.

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)

A withdrawal syndrome in newborns resulting from maternal substance use.

Preeclampsia

A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure ($BP \geq 140/90 \text{ mmHg}$) and signs of damage to another organ system, typically the liver or kidneys, often occurring after $20 \text{ weeks}$ of gestation.

Gestational Diabetes

A form of high blood sugar that affects pregnant women who have not been previously diagnosed with diabetes.

Placenta Previa

A condition where the placenta lies low in the uterus and partially or completely covers the cervix, which can cause severe bleeding during pregnancy and delivery.

Placental Abruption

A serious condition in which the placenta starts to detach from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery, potentially depriving the fetus of oxygen.

Ectopic Pregnancy

A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside the main cavity of the uterus, most commonly occurring within a fallopian tube.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

A severe type of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that can cause dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances.

Teratogen

Any agent (such as a chemical, virus, or drug) that can cause physical or functional defects in the embryo or fetus after the mother is exposed during pregnancy.

Postpartum Depression

A complex mix of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes occurring after childbirth, often characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities.

HELLP Syndrome

A life-threatening obstetric complication considered a variant of preeclampsia, involving Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count.

Rh Incompatibility

A condition that occurs when an $Rh\text{-negative}$ mother is pregnant with an $Rh\text{-positive}$ fetus, which can lead to maternal antibody production against fetal red blood cells.

Polyhydramnios

An excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac, often defined as an Amniotic Fluid Index ($AFI$) greater than $24 \text{ cm}$.

Oligohydramnios

A deficiency of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac, often defined as an Amniotic Fluid Index ($AFI$) less than $5 \text{ cm}$.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS)

A type of bacteria that can be found in a pregnant person's vagina or rectum; it can be passed to the baby during delivery, usually requiring antibiotics during labor if the mother is a carrier.

Shoulder Dystocia

An obstetric emergency that occurs when the fetal head is delivered but the anterior shoulder becomes stuck behind the mother's pubic bone.

Cervical Insufficiency

A condition in which the cervix begins to dilate and efface without contractions, typically in the second trimester, leading to potential loss of the pregnancy.

Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE)

A rare but life-threatening emergency where amniotic fluid, fetal cells, or other debris enters the maternal circulation, causing cardiorespiratory collapse and coagulopathy.

Umbilical Cord Prolapse

An obstetric emergency where the umbilical cord slips ahead of the fetus through the cervix into the vagina, potentially leading to cord compression and fetal hypoxia.

Magnesium Sulfate

A medication used in obstetrics for seizure prophylaxis in preeclampsia/eclampsia and for fetal neuroprotection in imminent preterm birth.

Macrosomia

A term used to describe a newborn with a birth weight significantly above average, typically defined as greater than $4,000 \text{ g}$ ($8 \text{ lb } 13 \text{ oz}$) or $4,500 \text{ g}$ ($9 \text{ lb } 15 \text{ oz}$).

Puerper