CNA test 2- Modules N, O, P, G, H

what is an incident report?

method of documenting facts surrounding any unexpected event in a health care setting. NOT a public record

When types of incidents requires an incident report?

a resident falls, a mistake is made during resident care, and something is broken or damaged by member or health care team/ resident, an angry outburst, sexual/physical abuse, injured on job, exposed to b lood or blood borne pathogen etc.

What to include in an incident report

Who, what, when, where

Who was present and exactly what happened,

describes actions taken and outcomes, time of incident and where it took place.

Only state facts and do not include in residents charts.

what is critical thinking?

safely providing resident care in a variety of situations based on facts learned, bedside observations, or the ability to think on ones feet

what are the 5 points to remember when using critical thinking skills?

What am I trying to do? What problem do I need to solve? What info do i need and where can I get it? What basic concepts do I need to use? What am I missing?

Both of Mrs. Baileys arms are in a cast. she cant use her hands. she asks for water, you set it in front of her but she looks at you. What should you do?

bring a cup with a straw in it to her mouth so she can rest her arms

Two patients are ringing their call bells at the same time for help. One wants something to drink and one needs to go to the bathroom. Which do you address first?

address the patient who needs to go to the bathroom first

The doctor orders an NPO for Mr. Jones before surgery. The meal tray was sent up on the cart along with the others. What will happen if you accidently deliver the tray to him and he eats it?

the patient will have to postpone his surgery because the doctor ordered the patient to have nothing by mouth prior to surgery.

Mrs. Smith is unable to control her swallowing reflex, so she has been placed on thickened liquids. She asks for coffee. What should you do before giving it to her?

ask the nurse if she is allowed to have it, and if so put ice in coffee to blend it up like a smoothie to be thicker.

There is a salt packed on the tray to be delivered and the meal card for the patient says they are on a NAS diet. What should you do?

which of the following should the nurse aide report to nurse?

A. resident is crying after visiting with family members

B. Family shared their feelings with the resident

C. family is upset after seeing resident in facility care

D. family performs unusual religious practices

A. Resident is crying after visiting with family members

Which of these factors will negativetly affect a family member's decision to place their loved ones in the facility you work in?

A. food looks good.

B. strong smell of urine

C. staff is friendly and asks to assist.

D. residents are still in the bed undressed at 11 am

E. signalling device light is on for more than 5 mins

B, D, E

True or false---- It is important to ask the family of an aphasic patient who was newly admitted about their likes and dislikes.

true

Which of the following questions can you ask?

A. how did mom sleep last night

B. What are the results of moms bloodwork?

C. Did mom go to therapy yesterday?

A, C

What is defecation?

process of emptying the rectum of feces

what is fecal impaction?

prolonged retention and accumulation of feces in the rectum

What is a prosthetic device?

replacement devices for lost body parts specifically fitted for the patient

what is urination?

process of emptying the bladder

what is an amputation?

surgical removal of body part

What is an orthotic device?

artificial device that replaces a body part and helps with function/ and or appearance

What is a supportive device?

special equipment that helps disabled or ill patient with movement

What is an adaptive device?

special equipment that helps a disabled patient perform ADLs

What is bowel training?

measures helpful for fecal impaction, constipation and fecal incontinence

As health care providers, we should always remember:

A. it is quicker to bath a patient than them doing it themselves

B. to encourage residents to be as independant as possible.

C. provide care for a patient rather than letting him realize what he cannot do

D. to maintain a strict schedule in delivering ADLs to all patients

B

What are goals of resorative care?

A. maintaining and/ or improving the patients existing abilities

B. discouraging patient from thinking about future

C. do most of care for the patient so they can regain their strength

D. preventing further complications

E. move patient towards increased independance

F. focus on whole person

A, D, E, F

Guidlines for assisting with bladder retraining include all the following except:

A. running water in sink

B. have the patient lean forward putting pressure on bladder

C. regular exercise

D. limiting fluids

D- limiting fluids

How long does bowel and bladder training take?

8-10 weeks

What are footboards used for?

A. keep top sheet off the bed

B. prevent legs from rolling off the bed

C. help prevent foot drop

D. all the above

C. help prevent foot drop ( plantar flexion)

What are signs and symptoms of fecal impaction?

A. seeping of liquid stool

B. abdominal distention/cramping

C. rectal pain

D. all the choices

D

What type of incontinence may be releated to NA not responding to call bell?

functional incontinence

When should a resident need to use the restroom/ be assisted?

one hour before meals, every two hours btn meals, and when the patient wakes up

True or false: the purpose of the cleansing enema is the clean the colon by eliminating stool or feces or to stimulate bowel activity?

true

What is the NA's role in bowel/bladder training?

A. A supported explaination of training schedule to patient so others can hear

B. keep accurate record of patterns/amounts

C. choose the patients meals

D. answer lights promptly

E. Do not rush or scold

F. post the training schedule and progress in the patients room

G. be positive and offer encouragement

H. assist to the bathroom

I. Provide privacy

J offer fluids, fiber foods, regular exercise and good peri-care

K. keep bedding clean

A, B, D, E,G, H, I, J, K

Which of the following can be apart of the bowel and bladder training?A. encourage regular exercise

B. encourage foods high in protein

C. offer fluids per schedule

D. responding to signal device quickly

E. decreasing fluid intake to cut down on accidents

A, B, C, D

What is friction

Two substances rubbing together

what is eczema

red itching areas on surface of skin

what is epidermis

outer layer of skin containing melanin, nerve endings, but no blood vessels

what is dermis

layer of skin containing hair and nail folicules, sweat and oil glands, BVS, nerves and touch receptors

what is dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

what is bony prominences

areas of the body where the bone is close to the skin. Elbows, shoulder blades, and sacrum

what is sheering

the skin moves in one direction and the underneath tissue remains fixed

what is the integumentary system?

The skin. The largest body system/ organ. covers the body

melanin

gives skin its primary color

pressure points

Where the body bears most of its weight

What are pressure ulcers?

serious wound caused by poor circulation, resulting from pressure (bed sores, pressure sores, or decubitus ulcers)

what is gangrene?

condition resulting in death of tissues ( necrosis)

What is shingles?

viral infection caused by varicella boster ( chicken pox)

what are liver spots?

brown spots on the skin caused by aging

what is psoriasis?

chronic inflammation noncontagious, excessive reproduction of epidermal cells, causing circular patches which are scaley and dry

What is the cranial cavity?

contains the brain and 12 cranial nerves

What is in the thoracic cavity?

Lungs, heart, esophagus

What is in the abdominal cavity?

stomach, liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intenstines

What is in the pelvic cavity?

contains reproductive organs, lower colon and rectum

What is a malignant tumor?

a cancerous tumor

What is the first stage of pressure ulcers?

Skin is intact, red, darkened and still present 30 mins after pressure is relieved

second stage of pressure ulcers?

skin has blister like lesions, partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis and the dermis

Third stage of pressure ulcers?

full thickness skin loss, infection and scab may result

fourth stage of pressure ulcers?

skin and fatty tissue is destroyed, muscle and bone involved.

a common cause of pressure ulcers?

sheering, moisture, friction, pressure and incontinence

What are changes due to aging that are normal for the integument system?

A, C D, F

What is metastasis?

A. cancer cells are eliminated

B. a patient is having radiation

C. cancer cells spread to other body parts

D. Cancer cells have decreased

C. cancer cells spread to other body parts

What should the NA remember when caring for older adults

A. older adults do not need complete bed baths everyday

B. massage any reddened areas to increase circulation

C. lotion may be needed for mousture

D. The Rn will do all skin observation

E. rub skin thoroughly to dry and increase circulation

F. layer clothes for extra warmth

G. limit fluids

A, C ,F

Where cvan pressure ulcers develop on an obese woman?

A. underneath the breasts

B. btn the legs

C.btn abdominal folds

D. all the choices

D, all the choices

Which of the following are typical pressure points?

A. elbows

B. abdomen

C. shoulder blades

D. sacrum

E. throat

F. hips

G. Knees

H. ankles

I. wrist

J. toes

K back of head

L. back of neck

A C D F G H K L N

Which of the following can prevent pressure ulcers?

A keep turning the resident on strict bed use

B. turning every two hours

C. allowing resident to sleep all night uninterrupted

D. keeping a resident clean and dry

E. keeping linens clean and dry

F. massaging any pressure sites

B, D, E

What is a fracture?

break in the bone

what is osteoarthritis?

non inflammatory degeneration of the cartilage of the weight-bearing joints due to stress, with aches, stiffness, and limited motion also known as DJD ( degenerative joint disease)

what is extension

straightening a boy part

what is flexion

bending a body part

what is abduction

moving a body part away from the midline

what is adduction?

moving a body part towards the midline

What is arthritis?

inflammation of the joints

what is bone marrow

soft spongy inside part of the bone which produces RBC, WBC, and platelets

what are bones

hard and rigid structures that make up the skeleton and form the framework of the body

what is cardiac muscle?

involuntary muscle of the heart

what is dorsiflexion?

bending the toes and foot upward at ankle

what is contracture?

permanent shortening of muscle resulting in immovable joints. ROM exercise can help prevent this

what are joints?

points where bone meets. consists of cartilage, and connnective tissue that cushions the bone allowing for movement of the area

What are ligaments?

connects bone to bone

What is muscle atrophy

muscle mass decreases in size

what is the musculoskeletal system?

provides structure and movement of the body

What is osteoporosis?

spongy type of bone that breaks easily

what is plantar flexion

bending the foot downward and the ankle (foot drop)

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

systemic cripping disease causing deformities with stiff, painful, swollen joints

what are skeletal muscles?

voluntary muscle that powers movement of the body

what are smooth muscles?

involuntary musle of the inner linings of organs

what are tendons?

connects muscle to bone

what is a sprain

stretched or torn ligaments/ tendons

what is a compound fracture?

open fracture that penetrates the skin

what is synovial fluid?

found in the bursae which is the fluid filled sac, that allows bones to move easily over eachother

what is a gout?

Metabolic disease usually affecting the lower leg joint

what is paraplegic?

paralysis of lower half of body

what is quadriplegic?

paralysis from neck down

what is hemiplegic?

paralysis of one half of the body

what is a hinge joint?

allows movement in one direction (elbow)

what is a ball and socket joint?

Allows movement in all directions ( hip and shoulder)

what is a pivot joint?

allows movement from side to side (skull to spine)

what is a long bone?

bears weight (femur and humerus)

what is a short bone?

allows skill and ease in movement (carpal, phalanges)

what is a flat bone?

protects organs ( ribs, skull, pelvic shoulder bone )