chemistry ( chapter 8 )

acid

substance that produces hydrogen ions H+ in aqueous solutions

acids + metals

metals + acids = salt + hydrogen

test for hydrogen gas

light a splint then there will be a pop sound

acids + base

base + acid = salt + water

acids + carbonate

carbonate + acid = salt + water + carbon dioxide

test for carbon dioxide gas

bubbling the gas with limewater which will form a white precipitate

base

metal oxide or hydroxide that either contains oxide ion ( O2 ) or hydroxide ion ( OH- )

reaction with base

base + acid = salt + water

alkali

substance that produces hydroxide ions OH- in aqueous solution

properties of alkali

taste bitter

slippery and soapy

dissolve in water to form solutions that conduct electricity

turn red litmus paper blue

reaction of alkali

alkali + acid = salt + water

ionic equation for neutralisation

H+ + OH- = H2O

reaction with ammonium

alkali + ammonium salt = salt + water + ammonia

universal indicator

a mixture of coloured dyes

the use of universal indicator

to determine how acidic or alkaline a solution is

PH scale for acid

PH 1 to 6

PH scale for alkaline

PH 8 to 14

PH scale for neutral

PH 7

example of acid

liquid in car battery

gastric juice

lemon juice

vinegar

tomato juice

black coffee

milk