Cognitive Systems: Learning, Memory, & Representation

These flashcards cover critical vocabulary and concepts related to cognitive systems, learning, memory, and representation as discussed in the lectures.

Perception

The process by which agents interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world.

Cognitive System

Any system that involves the manipulation of representations to solve cognitive tasks.

Long-term Memory

Memory that can potentially last a lifetime, although retrieval may be difficult.

Short-term Memory

A temporary store of information that lasts less than one minute.

Episodic Memory

A type of explicit memory that involves recollecting personal experiences.

Semantic Memory

A type of explicit memory that involves facts and general knowledge.

Procedural Memory

A type of implicit memory that involves knowing how to perform tasks and skills.

Habituation

A decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations.

Sensitization

An increased response to a stimulus following its repeated presentations.

Conditional Conditioning

Learning to associate two previously unrelated stimuli.

Positive Reinforcement

Encouraging a behavior by presenting a favorable outcome following the behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

Increasing a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.

Positive Punishment

Decreasing a behavior by presenting an unfavorable outcome following the behavior.

Negative Punishment

Decreasing a behavior by removing a favorable outcome.

Cognitive Development

The progression of mental processes from infancy to adulthood.

Universal Grammar Theory

The theory that children are born with an innate understanding of the basic structure of language.

Intersubjectivity

Shared understanding among participants in an activity.

Zone of Proximal Development

The difference between what a child can do alone and what they can achieve with guidance.

Scaffolding

A teaching method that provides successive levels of temporary support to help students achieve independence.

Active Perception

The process where perception is an active exploration of the environment.