Shellfish Investigation: L2 - L4

shellfish

organism that lives in water and has a shell

carbon cycle

the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back

combustion

the chemical reaction that involves burning a fuel and produces carbon dioxide

fossil fuels

a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.

diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Carbon sinks/reservoirs

Anything that stores carbon atoms in the Carbon Cycle; examples: living things, soils, fossil fuels, oceans and the atmosphere

carbon dioxide

CO₂; a colorless, odorless gas

pH indicator

Chemical dye that changes color in response in changes to acidity of solution

pH scale

Measures the strength of acids and bases low ph=strong acid, high ph=strong base; 0-14

acid

Substance that creates hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution; pH below 7

base

Substance that creates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution or accepts hydrogen ions; pH above 7

neutral

A substance that is neither acidic or basic; pH of 7.

equilibrium

the concentration of particles is equal across space

polar molecule

a molecule in which one end is more negatively charged than the other; example: water

non-polar molecule

a molecule with no polar bonds or charges; example: oil

hydrogen bond

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom on a different molecule; example: temporary bond between two water molecules

strong acid

an acid that produces a large amount of H⁺ ions

weak acid

an acid that produces a small amount of H⁺ ions

electronegativity

Measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond; higher electronegativity will have a stronger pull on the electrons

solubility

The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent to make a saturated solution at constant temperature and pressure

examples of acids

HCl; H₂SO₄; HNO₃

examples of bases

NaOH; Ca(OH)₂; KOH

reactants

the chemicals present before the reaction (left of the arrow)

products

the chemicals present after the reaction (right of the arrow)

ocean acidification

The process by which the pH of the ocean is lowered (made more acidic) when excess CO₂ dissolves in seawater and forms carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)

first chemical equation in the ocean acidification process

CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃

second chemical equation in the ocean acidification process

H₂CO₃ + H₂O ⇌ HCO₃⁻ + H₃O⁺

third chemical equation in the ocean acidification process

HCO₃⁻ + H₂O ⇌ CO₃²⁻ + H₃O⁺

molecule that causes the pH of the oceans to decrease

H₃O⁺ (hydronium)