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22 Terms
1
rock
naturally formed solid usually containing one or more minerals, a combination of one or more minerals or organic matter
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2
intrusive igneous rock
is one that forms when magma cools; ex. diorite
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3
extrusive igneous rock
is one forms when lava cools; ex. basalt or obsidian
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4
Foliated metamorphic rock
mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands; occurs when pressure causes the mineral grains to realign to form parallel bands; ex. slate, phyllite, gneiss
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5
Nonfoliated metamorphic rock
The mineral grains have not aligned in planes or bands, commonly made of one or only a few minerals; ex. quartzite or marble
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6
coarse - grained
large grains you can see with your eyes; ex. breccia
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7
medium - grained
a little smaller than large grain, but you can still see the grains; ex. sandstone
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8
Fine- grained
small grains that can only be seen using a hand-held lens; ex. mudstone
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9
composition
the minerals and organic matter a rock contains; the make-up of the rock
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10
texture
the size, shape, and positions of the grains that make up a rock. This depends on how and where it is formed.
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11
clastic sedimentary rock
sediments are buried, compacted, and cemented together by calcite or quartz; texture can be all different; ex. conglomerate; sandstone, shale, breccia
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12
chemical sedimentary rock
Forms when water, usually seawater, evaporates, the minerals become concentrated in one area to the point that they precipitate and crystallize; ex. rock salt
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13
organic sedimentary rock
forms from the remains of fossils, once living plants and animals; ex. limestone, coquina, coal
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14
rock cycle
the set of the natural process where rocks form, change, break down and reform.
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15
igneous rock
forms when molten rock cools and becomes solid.
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16
sedimentary rock
forms when pieces of older rocks, plants or other loose material get pressed or cemented together.
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17
metamorphic rock
forms when heat or pressure causes older rocks to change into new types of rock.
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18
erosion
The process of which weathered particles are picked up and moved from one place to another.
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19
deposition
The part of the erosion process in which sediment is placed in a new location, or deposited.
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20
weathering
the process by which rock is broken down into smaller pieces, by wind, water and change in temperature.
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21
uplift
the rising of regions of the Earth's crust to higher elevations
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22
subsidence
the sinking of regions of the Earth's crust to lower elevations
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