Ap Chem Stuff

For Pierce o7

Strong acid

H₂SO₄, HNO₃, HClO₄, HI, HBr, HCl,and other acids that completely dissociate in water, producing a high concentration of hydrogen ions.

Oxidation number

Na⁺ = 1 and Cl^- = -1 | F always -1 | H usually +1 | O is usually -2

Integrated rate law half life

substitue [A_t] with ½ A₀ | Try it out for 0 and 2 | 2nd: 1/kx | 0: x/2k

Always Soluble

Always Soluble: Group 1 Ions, Nitrate (NO₃^-), Acetate (C₂H₃O₂^-)

Usually Soluble

Halides: Cl^-, Br^-, F^- but important exceptions being Silver (Ag⁺), Mercury (Hg₂⁺²), and Lead (Pb²⁺) | Sulfate (SO₄^2-) Except group 2 ions

Mostly Insoluble

Carbonate (CO₃^2-), Phosphate (PO₄^3-), and Hydroxide (OH^-). Exceptions being group 1 or NH₄⁺

Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Nitrate

NO₃^-

Sulfate

SO₄^2-

Carbonate

CO₃^2-

Phosphate

PO₄^3-

Hydroxide

OH^-

Cyanide

CN^-