(Exam 4) Topic 22 - Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Nephron

Functional unit of the kidneys

Right kidney

Kidney lightly inferior to the other

Diaphragm

Kidneys located inferior to this

Retroperitoneal

A layer of parietal peritoneum

Suprarenal Glands

Cap the kidneys

ParArenal Fat

Outermost layer of kidney protection, Around, helps separate kidney from abdominal wall

Renal Fascia

Second layer of kidney protection, thin white line in image, helps anchor the kidney

Perirenal Fat

Innermost layer of kidney protection, i = inner, adipose tissue surrounding the kidney (specifically the fibrous capsule)

Renal capsule

Outer covering of the cross-section kidney

Renal medulla

Contains the renal pyramids and renal columns

Renal pyramids

Triangles in the renal medulla

Renal columns

Rectangles in the renal medulla

Renal Papilla

Tip of renal pyramids

Minor Calyx

First part of tube coming off pyramid

Major Calyx

When minor calyxes come together

Renal Pelvis

When all major calyxes come together

Ureter

Comes off renal pelvis, travels to bladder

Hilum

Region of indention with ureter and arteries coming off

Renal Artery

Kidney, first artery coming in

Segmental Arteries

Renal artery splits into

InterLOBAR Arteries

Segmental arteries splits into these, runs through renal columns

Arcuate Arteries

Artery, turns around in renal cortex

InterLOBULAR Arteries

Project deeper into renal cortex

Afferent Arterioles

Feeds into the nephron, then returns in reverse vein in order to leave

Nephron Function

Filters blood from afferent arteriole

Afferent arteriole

Blood enters nephron via

Efferent arteriole

Blood leaves nephron via

Bladder

Acts as a muscle, attached to posterior abdominal wall, layers of smooth muscle and disordered muscle

Epididymis

First part of male reproductive tract, monitors composition of fluid, stores spermatozoa and facilitates maturation, recycling center for damaged spermatozoa

Testes

Connected back to body cavity by spermatic cord

Spermatic Cord

Contains vas deferens and testicular artery/vein, connects testes back to body cavity

Cremaster Muscle

Regulates the temperature of the testes by pulling back when cold

Seminal Vesicle

Between posterior wall of bladder and anterior wall of rectu m, on both sides of the midline, contributes 60% of volume to semen (fructose, protein, prostoglandins)

Prostate

Inferior to the bladder, produces 20-30% of volume to semen (__ic fluid)

Urethra

Common passageway for urinary and male reproductive system

Prostatic Urethra

Region of urethra contained in the prostate

Membranous Urethra

Middle region of the urethra

Penile Urethra

Region of urethra that leads to external opening

Root

Connection back to the body (penis)

Shaft/Body

Contains erectile tissue (penis)

Glans

Surrounds the external urethral orifice (penis)

Corpus Cavernosum

Posterior aspect of penis, encircled by dense layers of collagen, eyes in cross section

Corpus Spongiosum

Contains urethra, anterior aspect of penis, high concentration of elastic fibers to change diameter of opening, mouth in cross section

Fundus

Top portion of uterus

Body

Primary region of uterus

Cervix

Most distal region of uterus

Endometrium

Innermost layer of uterus, thinnest layer on inside

Myometrium

Second layer of uterus, thickest layer

Perimetrium

Most superficial layer of uterus, outermost

Anterior tilt of fundus

Position of uterus

Broad ligament

Hold uterus in place, enclose ovaries and fallopian tubes

Ovarian ligament

Connects lateral wall of uterus to medial wall of ovary

Suspensory ligament

Houses ovarian artery/vein, runs from lateral aspect of ovary back out to pelvic wall

Uterosacral (round) ligament

Prevent uterus from moving too inferiorly or anteriorly, runs from inferior lateral aspect of uterus to anterior sacrum