Chem exam 4

Combined gas law formula?

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

What unit for temperature?

Kelvin

Intermolecular forces ranking (strongest to weakest)

1. hydrogen bonding

2. dipole-dipole

3. London dispersion

What increases boiling point?

stronger force

Solution

evenly mixed

Solute vs Solvent

solute = smaller amount and gets dissolved (salt in saltwater)

solvent = largest amount and does the dissolving (water in saltwater)

Electrolyte vs non-electrolyte

electrolyte = forms ions in water and can conduct electricity

non-electrolyte = does not form ions in water and cannot conduct electricity

Strong vs weak electrolyte

strong = fully breaks apart

weak = partially breaks

Water moves where?

HIGH solute

Hypotonic?

cell swells

Hypertonic?

cell shrinks

Isotonic?

no change

Hemolysis?

bursting

Crenation?

shrinking

Passive transport?

high to low concentration (no energy used)

Active transport?

low to high concentration (energy used)

Acid?

gives H⁺

Base?

accepts H⁺

H⁺ in water becomes?

H₃O⁺

Strong acid?

fully breaks apart

Weak acid?

partially breaks apart

Acid + base = ?

salt + water

Equilibrium means?

forward and reverse reactions happens at the same rate

K formula?

K = products/reactants

K >1 means?

products win

K < 1 means?

reactants win

Add reactant?

shifts right

Add product?

shifts left

Remove reactant?

shifts left

Remove product?

shifts right

What does Ka tell you?

acid strength

Large Ka?

strong acid

Small Ka?

weak acid

Conjugate base = ?

what forms when an acid loses H⁺

Conjugate acid = ?

what forms when a conjugate base gains H⁺