Learning Notes 1-3

Rise of Religions

Began around 500 BC due to economic growth, growing empires, communication between civilizations, and advancing technologies.

Filial Piety

The Confucian principle of honoring ancestors and elders to ensure respect for the Emperor.

Mandate of Heaven

The belief that the normal condition of China is political unity.

Daoism

A philosophy that emphasizes nature, simplicity, and self-sustaining communities instead of honoring a single emperor.

Egalitarianism

The belief in human equality, particularly regarding social, political, and economic affairs.

Zoroastrianism

A religion that emphasizes human free will, the dichotomy of good vs. evil, and judgment.

Covenant (in Judaism)

The agreement made by Yahweh with the Jews, which He continues to uphold.

Commerce

The act of buying and selling on a large scale; changes in commerce altered consumption, increased employment, and created new wealth classes.

Silk Roads

Trade network in Eurasia that facilitated relay trading and cultural exchange, named for the silk technology from China.

Mongol Moment

Period characterized by the establishment of the largest land empire in history, improved trade, and cultural exchange.

Mongols under Chinggis Khan

Led the largest land empire, treated as a deity, unified China, and utilized Chinese governance techniques.

Buddhism in Trade

Merchants on the Silk Road contributed to the spread of Buddhism, adapting it with elements of compassion and wealth accumulation.

Impact of Disease on Society

Led to weakened civilizations, improved wages, increased immunity, and strengthened reliance on religion, particularly Buddhism.