Ch.12 - Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

what is correlated with secure attachment in adult romantic relationships?

secure attachment during infancy

secure attachment

have positive views of relationships, can easily get close to others, not overly stressed out about their romantic relationships

avoidant attachment

hesitant to get involved in romantic relationships; when they do, they tend to distance themselves

anxious attachment

demand closeness, are less trusting, and are more emotional, jealous, and possessive

what is a central task of adulthood?

a central task of adulthood us juggling the demands of intimacy, identity, and independence

romantic love

passionate love, strong components of sexuality and infatuation, romantic involvement predicts greater well-being, but ONLY in a positive, high-quality relationship

affectionate love

compassionate love, intimacy and commitment; less passion

consummate love

passion, intimacy, and commitment

collectivist countries cross-cultural variations in romantic relationships

intimacy is more diffused in love because of the strong group emphasis on connections outside of a romantic relationship

individualistic countries cross-cultural variations in romantic relationships

intimacy is often intensified because an individuals social network is likely smaller & less group oriented

how are U.S romantic relationships?

they are more passionate and self-disclosure

how are Chinese romantic relationships?

stronger feelings of commitment

what is the reason for increasing number of single adults?

rising rates of cohabitation and a trend toward postponing marriage

how short lived is cohabitation in the U.S.?

fewer than 1 out of 10 lasts five years

what is living together before marriage is associated with…?

lower rates of marital satisfaction and higher rates of divorce

what does cohabitation attract?

this less traditional lifestyle may attract less conventional individuals who are not great believers in marriage

when doe negative outcomes occur with cohabiting adults?

negative outcomes are more likely when there has been a series of cohabiting partners and when cohabitation begins prior to the mid-20s

what does having a child before marriage do to a relationship?

it may negatively affect the relationship

what are some changes in married adults compared to previous generations?

male-female equality in marriage and increasingly high expectations for what a marital relationship should be

what are some characteristics that influence the length of marriage?

both women and men with a bachelor’s degree are most likely to delay marriage and more likely to eventually get married and stay married for more than 20 years

what was the U.S. average age for marriage in 1960?

23 years for men and 20 years for women

what percent of adults in the U.S. have been married at some point in their lives?

78.5%

why do individuals get married?

love (88%), making a lifelong commitment (81%), companionship (76%), and having children (49%)

what happens with individuals who are happily married?

they live longer, healthier lives than either divorced individuals or those who are unhappily married