chem 104 - unit 3 exam terms

terms from da moon

bronsted lowry acid

in an aqueous solution, a Bronsted-Lowry acid donates an H+ (proton)

bronsted lowry base

in an aqueous solution, a Bronsted-Lowry base accepts an H+ 

acid-base reaction

a proton (H) is transferred from the donor (acid) to the acceptor (base)

conjugate pairs

the relationship between a base and an acid after they accept or donate a proton, and what they turn into after the rxn

conjugate acid

when a base accepts a H+ it's converted to conjugate acid in reverse reaction

conjugate base

what remains of the acid after the proton is donated

amphoteric

a substance that can either donate or accept a proton (H+)

salt

an ionic compound composed of a cation and an anion

hydrolysis

the breakdown of a compound in water

how does an acid salt affect pH

pH decreases (increase in acidity)

how does a basic salt affect pH

pH increases, increasing alkalinity

monoprotic acid

can only donate one H+ per molecule

diprotic acid

can donate 2 H+ per molecule

triprotic acid

can donate 3+ H per molecule

monoprotic base

can only accept one H+ per molecule

diprotic base

can accept 2H+ per molecule

triprotic base

can accept 3H+ per molecule

buffer

solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair

factors that affect buffer capacity

Buffer capacity is affected by the strength of the acids and bases that they are composed of. A buffer does not have indefinite resistance to changes in pH.

titration

a lab technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution

titrant

the solution of a known concentration

analyte

the solution of an unknown concentration

indicator

solution that signals the end point of a reaction via color change

equivalence point

when the volume of the titrant has neutralized the volume of the analyte

titration curve

graph plotting the change in ph of the analyte solution as volume of titrant is added

initial state

graph when 0ml of titrant is added

pre-equivalence point

volume of titrant<end point

post-equivalence point

volume of titrant>endpoint

lewis acids and bases

the ability to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinated covalent bond

lewis acid

accepts the electron pair

lewis base

donates the electron pair

coordinate covalent bond

one atom provides both bonding electrons

lewis-base adduct

the product of rxn

lewis acid displacement

a Lewis acid replaces another Lewis acid.

lewis-base displacement

a Lewis base replaces another Lewis base.

complex ion

a molecule composed of a central atom surrounded by ligands or ions. The central atom is typically a transition metal cation.

ligand

an ion or molecule attached to a metal atom through coordinate bonding.