CHPT 29 PLANT DIVERSITY

From what organisms did plants evolve?

Green algae.

What is the gametophyte stage?

Haploid (1n) stage that produces sperm and eggs.

What is the sporophyte stage?

Diploid (2n) stage that produces spores.

What structure produces spores in sporophytes?

Sporangia.

What are apical meristems?

Root and shoot tips where cell division occurs.

What defines nonvascular plants?

They lack defined vascular structures.

Which life stage dominates nonvascular plants?

The gametophyte stage.

What are bryophytes?

Nonwoody, nonvascular plants.

What are the three bryophyte phyla?

Liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.

Which stage is dominant in all bryophytes?

Haploid gametophyte.

Where do seedless vascular plants typically live?

Moist habitats.

Which life stage dominates seedless vascular plants?

Diploid sporophyte.

What are the two types of vascular tissue?

Xylem and phloem.

What is the function of xylem?

Transports water.

What is the function of phloem?

Transports sugars and organic materials.

What is the function of roots and leaves?

Roots anchor and absorb water; leaves capture light.

What are microphylls and megaphylls?

Microphylls are small with one vein; megaphylls are large with branched veins.

What are sporophylls?

Leaves that contain sporangia.

What is a seed?

A protective coat surrounding an embryo.

How do seed plants differ in gametophyte stage?

They have reduced gametophytes.

Why don’t seed plants need water for reproduction?

Pollen replaces swimming sperm.

What does heterosporous mean?

Producing separate male and female gametophytes.

What are microspores and megaspores?

Microspores form pollen (male); megaspores form eggs (female).

What is an ovule?

A megaspore surrounded by protective integuments

What defines gymnosperms?

Naked seeds exposed on cones.

Name a gymnosperm example and its life stage.

Pine tree; sporophyte stage.

What defines angiosperms?

Flowering plants that produce fruits.

What are the four main flower parts?

Sepals, petals, stamens, carpels.

What are the two angiosperm groups?

Monocots (one cotyledon) and eudicots (two cotyledons).