reproductive system

what is 1 - hip bone

iliac crest

what is 2 - hip bone

sacroiliac joint (joint between appendicular and axial skeleton)

what is 3

pubic symphysis (cartilage joint)

what is 4

sacrum

what is 5

iliac fossa

what is 6

ilium

what is 7

actebulum

what is 8

ishium

what is the blank in this image

coccyx

is the pelvic inlet superior or inferior

superior

what does the true pelvis contain

pelvic cavity and contains reproductive structures, bladder and rectum

what does the false pelvis contain

abdominal/peritoneal structures - intestines, blood vessels and ureters

differences between the male and female pelvis

females - wider pelvic and pelvic inlet, coccyx straight instead of curved, pubic angle between the ischium is broader in females

what does the male reproductive system produce

sperm and seminal fluid, also able to deposit seminal fluid into the female reproductive system

what does the female reproductive system produce and receive

produces oocytes, receives sperm to fertilise

sperm (gamete)

produced by the testes via spermatogenesis. testes also secrete the hormone testosterone

oocytes (gamete)

produced by ovaries by oogenesis. ovaries also produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone

both the sperm and oocytes are haploid what does this mean

23 chromosomes

what part of the sperm contains the DNA

head

what is the tail of the sperm for?

mobility

how many sperm are ejected per day

100 million/day

how many oocytes are released during ovulation (the process where an egg is released from the ovary)

1/month

male reproductive system organs - what is 1

ejaculatory duct

male reproductive system organs - what is 2

urethra

male reproductive system organs - what is 3

ductus deferens (transports sperm to the ejaculatory)

male reproductive system organs - what is 4

penis

male reproductive system organs - what is 5

epididymis

male reproductive system organs - what is 9

testis (where sperm is being produced)

male reproductive system accessory glands - what is 6

seminal gland

male reproductive system accessory glands - what is 7

prostate gland (in circulates urethra)

male reproductive system accessory glands - what is 8

bulbo-urethral gland

what is the name of an organ that produces gametes

gonad

scrotum - optimal temp for sperm production

33-35 degrees - testes are external due to the developing sperm being temperature sensative

where are sperm produced within the testes

seminiferous tubules

what is strcutural protect provided to the seminferous tubules by

tunica albuginea

how is sperm transported from the testes to the epididymis

released into the lumen of the tubules, fluid movement then transports the sperm to the epididymis (sperm takes 2 weeks to move through the epididymis)

can sperm entering the epididymis swim

no

can sperm exiting the epididymis swim

yes

how much fo the semen volume is from the ductus deferens

5%

how much semen volume is produced by the accessory glands

95% (seminal vesicles (60%), prostate (30%), bulbourethral (5%)

purpose of seminal fluid

protects sperm in the female reproductive tract

what does the penis contain

erectile tissues, urethra

what is 1

deep artery of the penis

what is 2

urethra

what is 3

corpora cavernosa ( main erectile tissue )

what is 4

corpus spongiosum (contains urethra)

when does erection occur from the penis

when bllod is restricted from leaving the corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum - causes tissue to get stiff

is the blood accumulation in the corpus spongiosum lower or higher pressure than that in the corpus cavernosa

lower

pathway of the male reproductive tract

testes, epididymis, ductus deferes, ejaculatory duct, urethra

female reproductive system external genitalia - what is 1

clitoris

female reproductive system external genitalia - what is 2

labia

female reproductive system major reproductive organs- what is 3

ovaries

female reproductive system major reproductive organs- what is 4

uterine tube

female reproductive system major reproductive organs- what is 5

uterus

female reproductive system major reproductive organs- what is 6

cervix

female reproductive system major reproductive organs- what is 7

vagina

cervix (shape and function

fibromuscular tissue (donut shaped), connects the uterus to the vagina, small aperture (sperm and menstruation), dilates during child birth

parts of the uterus (layers of the uterine wall) - what is 1

perimetrium - serosa

parts of the uterus (layers of the uterine wall) - what is 2

myometrium - smooth muscle, expands/contract

parts of the uterus (layers of the uterine wall) - what is 3

endometrium - inner lining, sheds monthly, implantation of embryo

what contains the egg

ovarian follicles

ovarian follicles

primordial follicles, developing follicles, supports growing eggs, fully mature oocytes can ovulate an egg for fertilisation

when does corpus luteum produce hormones

during pregnancy, temporary structure that becomes a corpus albicans, this then gets reabsorbed

the ovary - what is 1

developing follicles

the ovary - what is 2

ovulated oocytes

the ovary - what is 3

hilum

the ovary - what is 4

blood supply

the ovary - what is 5

corpus luteum

the ovary - what is 6

primordial (resting) follicles

what are the oocytes surrounded by

cumulus granulosa cells (provide metabolic support)

what is the antrum (ovarian follicle)

a fluid filled cavity needed for ovulation

ovarian follicle - what is 1

antrum

ovarian follicle - what is 2

ooctye

ovarian follicle - what is 3

cumulus granulosa cells

ovarian follicle - what is 4

mural granulosa cells

varian follicle - what is 5

Theca cells

what does ovulation occur in response to

hormonal signals

how does ovulation occur

the follicle bursts and the cumulus-oocyte complex is squeezed out of the follicle

what do fimbriae do

walk around the ovary surface to find the ovulated oocyte

uterine tubes - what is 1

infundibulum

uterine tubes - what is 2

ampulla

uterine tubes - what is 3

isthmus

uterine tubes - what is 4

fimbriae

where does fertilization occur

ampulla, preimplantation embryo development occurs int he uterine tube, the embryo enters the uterus and implants in the endometrium

how do hormones signal

travels through the blood, activates receptros on target cells to change how they function

What is the name for the outer tissue layer of the uterus?

peritoneum

What is the function of the infundibulum?

Find and pick up ovulated oocytes on the surface of the ovary

What is the function of the seminal gland?

produce seminal fluid

Which ovarian follicle stage represents the dormant or resting stage?

Primordial follicle

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Seminiferous tubule

Which is the hormone that induces the secondary sex characteristics in females?

Estrogen

Which is the hormone that induces the secondary sex characteristics in males?

Testorgone

what cells produce hormone

endocrine cell

what does the HPG axis stand for and what is it

Hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal, a group of organs that control reproduction. communication occurs through hormone

what is the key reproductive hormone and where is it produced

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), produced in the hypothalamus

what factors suppress the reproductive system

stress, insufficient nutrient, non-breeding season

what stimulates hormone production from the pituitary gland

GnRH from the hypothalamus

what part of the pituitary gland produces gonadotropins

anterior pituitary gland

what does the follice stimulating hormone (FSH) do (produced in the anterior pituitary gland

stimulates follicle growth in the ovary, stimulates estrogen production in the ovary and stimulates sperm production in the testis

what does the luteinising hormone (LH) do (produces in the anterior pituitary gland)

stimulates testosterone/androgen production in the ovary and testis. and stimulates the interstitial cells testis to produce androgens