ENTO 210: Module 4 Exam

What is this?

Body lice (Pediculus humanus) or Head Lice (Pediculus capitis) —> Morphologically very similar

What is this?

Pubic lice (Pthiris pubis)

What is going on?

Vagabond’s disease, parasitic melanoderma, hobo disease —> Disease Pediculus corporis, which is caused by the vector Pediculus humanus

What is this?

A tick:

• Argasidae (left) and Ixodidade (right)

What is this?

Bedbug

• Cimex lectularis

• Cimex hemipterus

What is this?

Tabanidae

• Horse Fly

Humans can be considered which of the following for the epidemic typhus disease cycle?

• Reservoir hosts

• Susceptible hosts

Where are you most likely to be bitten by Lutzomyia spp. and infected with Leishmania?

South America

A patient presents with a distended abdomen, an ulcerated lesion, and bloodwork that shows evidence of liver damage. With what disease is your patient most likely presenting clinical illness?

Visceral leishmaniasis

This status is awarded to certain medications and their associated companies to encourage development of drugs for rare or underrepresented disease cycles, and allows for perks such as tax incentives, patent protection, exclusive marketing rights, and additional funding

Orphan Drug Status

Outbreaks of louse-borne pathogens are often associated with what conditions?

• Overcrowding

• Poor hygiene

• Warfare

Living in poverty does not affect an individual's exposure to diseases and vectors.

False

Which of the following lice species is of greatest concern to public health?

Pediculus humanus

Which of the following are disease cycles that are directly associated with a pathogen?

• Epidemic typhus

• Louse-borne relapsing fever

• Trench fever

What is a significant risk factor for developing visceral leishmaniasis after cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Malnutrition

Which of the following conditions is not associated with a pathogen? 

• red meat allergy

• tick paralysis

Bee Venom Therapy is often a self-administered treatment for patients suffering from

Lyme disease

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (family: Ixodidae)

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Ornithodoros hermsi (family: Argasidae)

Tick-borne relapsing fever

Amblyomma americanum (family: Ixodidae)

Red meat allergy

Ixodes pacificus (family: Ixodidae)

Lyme disease

You find a tick that displays a three host life cycle and produces cement when feeding. In which of the following disease cycles is this tick least likely to be a vector?

Tick-borne relapsing fever

The amplifying host for Borrelia burgdorferi is

white footed mice

You discover a novel vector tick species and observe the adult female laying several batches of eggs throughout her life.  To what family does this species most likely belong? Spell it correctly and ensure you use the appropriate punctuation/capitalization for taxonomic family names.

Argasidae

A patient in California presents with joint pain, a bull’s eye rash, and significant muscle pain. Which arthropod is most likely to have fed on your patient?

Ixodes pacificus 

Cochliomyia hominivorax was successfully eradicated in the 1960s using what method?

sterile insect technique

One of the greatest hurdles in implementing maggot debridement therapy is

emotional and psychosomatic issues for the patient

The infestation of living tissue by fly larvae is called

myiasis

The best way to get rid of a chigger infestation on your body is to cover the wound with clear nail polish so that it suffocates the chigger inside (T/F)

False

Scrub typhus

Trombicula spp., the chigger mite

Tungiasis

Tunga penetrans, the chigoe flea

Epidemic typhus

Pediculus humanus, the body louse

Murine typhus

Xenopsylla cheopsis, the oriental rat flea

Plague

Xenopsylla cheopsis, the oriental rat flea

The world's leading cause of preventable infectious blindness is

Trachoma

The best way to control the guinea worm disease cycle is by

creating a source of clean drinking water

Bubonic plague affects

lymph nodes

Septicemic plague affects

bloodstream

Pneumonic plague

pulmonary system

Conditions of Overcrowding

• Unhoused camps

• Schools

• Prisons

• Trenches

• Many areas of unplanned urbanization

Controlling fly population

• Proper sanitation

• Removal of contaminated food

• Screening doors, windows, trash containers

• UV light traps w/ electrocution

• Selective use of insecticides

• Reduce breeding grounds

Human pubic louse is more commonly related to gorilla lice than they are to human head or body lice

True

Louse life cycle

• Wingless

• Immature development

  • All immatures called nymphs

• Eggs are called nits, glued to hair of host

  • Have air holes to allow oxygen in egg

• Sensitive to changes in temperatures

• Algal mortis: Cooling of body

• Lice will abandon remains due to sensitivity of temperature

• Lice will move to anyone around the body