0.1 History of Psychology
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20 Terms
Psychology
The study of behaviour and the mind.
Behaviour
Observable actions of a person or an animal.
Mind
The sensations, memories, motives, emotions, thoughts, and other subjective phenomena particular to an individual or an animal.
Dualism
The belief that the mind/spirit and the body are separate.
René Descartes
A philosopher who continued the dualist view and believed the mind is not observable and not subject to natural laws.
John Locke
Philosopher who believed that the mind is a 'tabula rasa' or blank slate at birth, and knowledge comes from experience.
Empiricism
The acquisition of truth through observations and experiences.
Materialism
The belief that soul, spirit, or mind is meaningless; everything is matter and energy.
Charles Darwin
Proposed the theory of natural selection, emphasizing the survival of individuals best adapted to their environment.
Wilhelm Wundt
Considered the founder of the science of psychology, known for establishing the first psychology lab.
Structuralism
An early school of psychology aimed at identifying the smallest possible elements of the mind.
Functionalism
An approach in psychology that focuses on the functions and purposes of the mind.
Dorothea Dix
An advocate who helped found the first public mental hospital in the U.S.
Behavioral Perspective
Explains human thought and behaviour through observable actions and conditioning.
Cognitive Perspective
Focuses on how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events.
Humanistic Perspective
Focuses on consciousness, free will, self-actualization, and personal values.
Psychoanalytic Perspective
Examines how the unconscious mind influences thoughts and actions.
Sociocultural Perspective
Studies how external influences like culture and media affect thoughts and behaviors.
Evolutionary Perspective
Investigates human thoughts and actions through the lens of natural selection.
Biopsychosocial Perspective
Combines biological, psychological, and social factors to explain human thoughts and behaviors.