History part 2

Why did Germany use unrestricted Sub warfare?

hoping to beat Britain, sink all U-boats in the British waters whether it was hostile or neutral

A method that involved heavy guard of destroyers escorting merchant ships back and fourth across the Atlantic in groups.America convinced the British to do this so they could protect their transatlantic shipping

convoy system

A promise to not sink merchant vessels “without warning and without saving human lives” on one condition that the U.S persuade Britain to lift their blockade against food and fertilizers
Germany promised this to america because they were scared they were going to join the war

Sussex Pledge

German U-boat had sunk the British liner Lusitania= (Irish coast). 1,198 people had died and 128 of them were Americans. Germany also sank Arabic (2 americans dead) and the Sussex

German Submarine Warfare

How did the war help America’s economy?

The Allie's flooded the U.S with trade requests for war, Shipping millions of dollars of war supplies to the Allies. Even the Allies had the U.S loaning them 2.3 billion. American factories were working for Allie's requests and at times central.

A secret ...... from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted and decoded by the British agents

Zimmerman telegram

when did the U.S declare war?

1917 April 6

a kind of biased communication designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions

propaganda

To popularize the war,to get people to fight for the war (drafts), rationing, bond drives, patriotism, also caused hatred and violations of civil liberties for certain ethnic groups

use of propaganda

A propaganda agency that George Creel was the head of

committee of Public Information

It was made in 1917 and reorganized again in 1918 (by Bernard M. Baruch). Basically it is a board that encourages companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency. It also urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing products

War industries board

A person could be fined up to 10,000 dollars and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort -violated the first amendment

Espionage act of 1917 and the Sedition act of 1918

The act required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service

Selective Service Act of 1917

they were segregated units and were excluded from the navy and marines . White army officers objected to training African Americans to use weapons
feared African Americans might pose a threat after the war. ........ were assigned non combat duties
only one group called the 369th infantry regiment saw the front lines

African Americans roles

what African American group experience combat during WW1

369th infantry

were allowed to join the Army Corps of Nurses (denied them army rank, pay and benefits
accepted noncombat positions in the navy and marines .they served as nurses, secretaries and telephone operators with full military rank. served in the U.S Army signal Corps as switchboard operators (served a crucial role by keeping communications open between the front line and the military headquarters.
went overseas and served as volunteer ambulance drivers on the front lines
railroad works, cooks, dockworkers, and bricklayers, teachers, clerks, serving in Red Cross facilities, active in peace movements

Women role

Who commanded the American troops in Europe?

General John J. Pershing

a war bond that was sold in the United states to support the allied cause- aid in expensive war cost

liberty bonds

hat were the new weapon technologies of WWI?

machine guns, tanks, airships, airplanes, poison gas
ships

armies fought from mere yards of ground (front line, support, and reserve)

trench warfare

Spent a period of time in the trenches, Dugouts (underground rooms) were used as officer's quarters and command posts. Soldiers charged enemy lines only to be mowed down by machine gun fire. was miserable. The soldiers were surrounded by filth, lice, rats,and polluted water that caused dysentery. Many soldiers suffered trench foot (caused by standing in cold, wet trenches for long periods of time without changing into dry socks or boots). Also a painful infection of the gums and throat called trench mouth was also common. Also suffered from a lack of sleep. constant bombardments and other experiences often led to battle fatigue and shellshock (emotional collapse)

Trench warfare conditions

A barren expanse of mud pockmarked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire.

No-man’s land

they were segregated units and were excluded from the navy and marines
White army officers objected to training African Americans to use weapons
feared African Americans might pose a threat after the war
African Americans were assigned non combat duties
only one group called the 369th infantry regiment saw the front lines

life like for the African American soldier

A commander of the American Expeditionary Force in France. He urged that the AEF operate as an independent fighting force, intended under American command. He believed that sending inexperienced soldiers into battle was the same as sending them to die. He sent his troops to training camps in eastern France. Also believed in aggressive combat,

General Pershing

It was a plan to prevent another war. foreign policy of a democratic nation should be based on a sense of morality not just the national interest. He suggests banning secret (alliances)agreements between nations and lower tariffs to facilitate free trade. He also called for military cutbacks and freedom of the seas. Other points focused on the need to resolve national border disputes. His plan also proposed settlements for colonial peoples who wished to be independent. Wilson also suggested that colonial policies should consider the interest of colonial people as well as the interest of the imperialist powers. Lastly he wanted the creation of an international organization that would address diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the war

Wilson’s 14 point plan

Why did the 14 point plan not work?

Wilson was naive and nobody wanted peace . Blame Germany and wanted territory. had to make a compromise, give up most of his fourteen points.

A payment made to the victor by the vanquished to cover the costs of war

Reparations

Truce or an agreement to end fight

Armistice

He wanted peace agreements reached more openly than through secret diplomacy and wanted to reduce armaments and ensure self determination. He also wanted the new world to be based on democracy and international cooperation. Though some secret agreement had many European nation hopping for more territorial gains.

President Wilson(U.S)

Make Germany pay for the war

Great Britain

wanted national security and thought the people of..... had suffered the most from Germany. Wanted Germany to be stripped of all of their weapons and have Germany make reparations to cover the cost of the war. They also wanted a separate Rhineland for a buffer state that was between ..... and Germany.`

France

wanted to control Austrian held territory

Italy

It established 9 new nations (poland, czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia) It changed the boundaries of other nations and carved out areas of the Ottoman Empire and made France and Germany as temporary colonies. It also barred Germany from maintaining an army and required germany to return the region Alsace-Lorraine to france and made germany pay reparation.

treaty of Versailles

what did Germany have to pay in reparations?

33 billion

Who were the big four?

The Untied States, Great Britain, France and Italy

Who wrote the Treaty of Versailles?

big four

It limited Germany Army to 100,000 men now allowed to have tanks or heavy artillery. It also limited German navy to 15,000 men and banned germany from having an Air force

military provisions (treaty)

It required Germany to give up land in france, denmark, poland, Czechoslovakia and Belgium. It also required Germany to give up all colonies to the control of the league of nations and Germany and Austria were prohibited from uniting.

territorial provisions (treaty)

It forced Germany to admit guilt and sole responsibility for starting the war and causing the damages

War guilt clause

General Pershing led his men through an offensive, bloody war from September 26-November 11. 120,000 dead out of 1.2 million.Americans were a large part of the Allied victory.

Meuse-Argonne

first real battle that American men saw.
The young 30,000 men were fresh and healthy and gave spirit back to the allies

Chateau-Thierry