Medical Ethics- Moral Theories

Act Utilitarianism

When we consider whether an action is right or wrong, we loo directly at the net utility produced by that action.

Rule Utilitarianism

We first look at the rules. Identify the rules that, if followed, would produce the highest net utility. Then consider whether the action conforms to that rule. If it does, rule consequentialism would allow it. If not, then it’s wrong.

Objection to hedonistic utilitarianism

Taylor Swift and the Oyster Objection

Taylor Swift and the Oyster Objection

• Objection to hedonistic utilitarianism

• is a critique that argues that not all pleasures are of equal value; some are more meaningful or fulfilling than others.

Categorial Imperatives

Command you must follow, regardless of you desires. Moral obligations are derived from pure reason.

Moral Rationalism

Moral truths can be known through reason alone, rationality is the basis for moral decision-making.

Kant’s Formula of Universal Law

You should act upon maxims/polices that can be universalized as law.

Example of Universal Law

Lying- if we adopted a rule to lie whenever we want, note that if everyone else followed it, the rule would never work. Nobody can lie at all because nobody can trust one another.

Components of Virtue

• belief

• feeling

• behavioral

Aristotle’s approach for identifying human function.

rational activity in accordance with our excellences