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Conjunctiva
Produces fluid that protects eye surface
Cornea
Transparent, dome-shaped outermost layer at the front of the eye that acts as a protective window and the eye's primary focusing lens
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) ~ Bacterial
Infection of the conjunctiva
Transmission: Eye secretions
Diagnosis: Purulent discharge
Prevention: Hygiene
Treatment: Antibiotic eye drops
Epidemiology: Very transmissible

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) ~ Viral
Infection of the conjunctiva
Transmission: Eye secretions
Diagnosis: Clear discharge
Prevention: Hygiene
Treatment: None
Epidemiology: Very transmissible

Ophthalmia Neonatorum
Newborn conjunctiva
Organism: Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Transmission: During vaginal birth
Prevention: All newborns treated
Treatment: Antibiotic eye drops/ointment
Epidemiology: Newborns

Trachoma
Causes chronic inflammation and scarring of eyelid/conjunctiva
Organism: Chlamydia trachomatis
Transmission: Eye secretions
Prevention: Hygiene
Treatment: Antibiotics
Epidemiology: Prevalent worldwide

Keratis
Infects cornea
Organism: HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus 1)
Transmission: Reactivation of latent virus
Treatment: Antivirals
Epidemiology: Can cause blindness

Ocular histoplasmosis
Fungus, abnormal blood vessel growth → blindness
Organism: Histoplasmosis capsulatum
Transmission: Contaminated soil
Treatment: Goal is to stop further damage
Epidemiology: Central US: causes blindness

Otitis Externa
Swimmer’s Ear
Location: Ear canal
Symptoms: Red, itchy, discharge
Causes: Bacterial, fungal, viral
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Aspergillus sp.

Otitis Media
Ear Infection
Location: Middle ear and eustachian tubes
Symptoms: Pain, discharge, pressure
Causes: Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae

Otitis Interna
Labyrinthitis
Location: Inner ear
Symptoms: Vertigo, dizziness
Causes: Viral

Burn wounds
Organism: Psuedomonas aeruginosa
Gram-negative rod

Surgical Site Infections (SSIs)
Patient’s normal flora
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Fever, pus, redness at surgery site

Gas Gangrene
Strict anaerobe, creates gas
Organism: Clostridium perfringens
Diagnosis: Gas pockets in deep tissue restrict blood flow → kill tissue
Treatment: Debridement; antibiotics
Epidemiology: Diabetes, childbirth, wound

Gangrene
Tissue death due to lack of blood flow