Darwin and the Theory of Evolution

These flashcards cover key concepts related to Charles Darwin and the theory of evolution, including historical figures, principles, and evidence.

Who was Charles Darwin?

Charles Darwin was an English naturalist known for his contributions to the theory of evolution, born on February 12, 1809.

What key observations did Darwin make at the Galápagos Islands?

Darwin observed geographic similarities and differences among fossils and living plants and animals, which contributed to his theory of evolution.

What did Alfred Russel Wallace independently identify?

Wallace independently identified the process of evolution by natural selection in 1858.

What is the title of Darwin's famous book published in 1859?

The title is 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection'.

What are the three principles of the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?

Variation, Heredity, and Natural Selection.

What does 'Survival of the fittest' mean?

It refers to the idea that individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

What causes changes in allele frequency in a population over time?

Natural Selection leads to changes in allele frequency in a population over time.

What is evidence of evolution found in the fossil record?

Fossils serve as mineralized remains of organisms and provide a historical record consistent with descent with modification from common ancestors.

What are homologous structures?

Structures in different species that are similar due to common ancestry, supporting the idea of evolution.

What are vestigial structures?

Features of an organism that have lost their original function through evolution, indicating descent with modification.

Who are some of the human evolutionary ancestors?

Some ancestors include Australopithecus, Homo habilis, and Homo neanderthalensis.

How is natural selection observed in populations?

Natural selection can be observed through variations in traits that affect survival and reproductive success.