KIN 232 - mod 4 experimental designs

purpose

examine a cause and effect relationship

observational study

effect seen/observed in a _________________ may be caused by confounding factors

false

in experimental study/research, the researcher controls intervention and but does not need to control as many confounding factors

\
t or f

true

manipulation of variables, control group and random assignment are all required for experimental studies

\
t or f

independent variable

a ________________ can be chosen/manipulated by the researcher

dependent variable

this is a measurable variable that has been affected

experimental research

participants are assigned to an intervention group and the researcher manipulates level of independent variable by group

active variable

variable that can be manipulated (exercise, drug dosage, etc)

attribute variable

variable that cannot be manipulated but can still be an independent variable

true

if a primary comparison of interest is an attribute variable then an experimental design is impossible

\
t or f

false

if you have an active independent variable then you cannot include an attribute variable in the analysis

\
t or f

control group

the group that the active intervention is compared to

true

a control group should share the same characteristics of the experimental/treatment group

\
t or f

false

all control group designs are considered ethical

\
t or f

random assignment

every participant has the same chance of being assigned to any group in the study

true

random assignment guarantee traits balance out to infinite population but not finite sample due to assuming balance

\
t or f

false

chance of being assigned to a group depends on time of recruitment and the location

\
t or f

blocking

collecting a pool of volunteers the separating them based on attributes before random assignment is known as ____________

matching

this method involves hand picking individuals into specific groups

true

matching is not considered randomization

\
t or f

false

blocking is not considered randomization

\
t or f

internal

experimental design has strong ________ validity

external

experimental design has weak __________ validity

masking

researcher does not know which participant is in which group / certain people in the study do not know certain info

single-masked

only the participants do not know if they are in the control or intervention group

double-masked

the participants and the researcher administering the intervention do not know who is in what group

triple-blinded

participants, researcher giving intervention and the researcher evaluating outcomes do not know who is in what group

false

masking the participants will not influence their behavior or performance

\
t or f

true

masking the researcher giving the intervention risks the participants exposed to what group they are in or alter the intervention delivery

\
t or f

true

masking the researchers evaluating outcome risks influence measurements

\
t or f

placebo

dummy treatment administered to control group in a randomized clinical trial

false

non-specific effects does not include the placebo effect

\
t or f

placebo effect

measurable, observable or felt improvement in health/behaviour not attributable to treatment that was given

R

random assignment can be denoted as

O

observation can be denoted as

X

treatment can be denoted as

pre-test

_________ compares values, outcome and attributes before the intervention to get group equivalence

post test

________ should show the differences between the two groups

repeated measures

this experimental design study involves a midpoint test during the study period

study period

the pre-test, midpoint and post test occur during the ______________

follow up

___________ occur during a repeated measure experimental study to see the after affects of the intervention

true

a two-group design helps see effects of different varying levels of the intervention

\
t or f

within subject design

repeated measures ____________________ has all participants receive all possible combos of the intervention variable

false

repeated measures within a subject design can work when the intervention has a carry over affect

\
t or f

true

repeated measures within a subject design has every individual act as their own control

crossover design

a repeated measures design but includes a wash-out period in between interventions

wash-out period

effect of treatment diminishes to baseline to reduce carry over effects

2-way design

a study that involves 2 independent variables

3-way design

a study that involves 3 independent variables

2x2

if a study has 2 independent variables with 2 levels of each then it is a ________ factorial design

2x3

if a study had 2 independent variables with one independent variable having 2 levels and the other 3 levels, it is a _________ factorial design

2x2x2

if a study had 3 independent variables with 2 levels at each variable then it is a ___________ factorial design

Active variable

__________ or the first factor which is the intervention/therapy/treatment of interest that is manipulated

attribute variable

__________ or second/third variable that are attributes of interest

randomized block design

since you cant randomize by attributes it is considered a ________________