APUSH Chapter 34 Allinson

Civil Rights Act of 1964

banned segregation and employment discrimination; major civil rights victory under LBJ

Affirmative Action

policies to increase minority and female representation in jobs and education

Great Society

LBJ’s domestic programs to reduce poverty and racial injustice (Medicare, education)

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

gave LBJ broad power to escalate Vietnam War without formal declaration

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

ended national origins quotas; increased non-European immigration

Freedom Summer

1964 campaign to register Black voters in Mississippi; faced violent resistance

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

challenged segregationist Mississippi Democrats at 1964 convention

Voting Rights Act of 1965

outlawed literacy tests; protected Black voting rights

Watts

1965 Los Angeles riots over racial inequality and police brutality

Black Panther Party

militant group advocating Black self-defense and community programs

Black Power

movement promoting racial pride, self-determination, and sometimes separatism

Kerner Commission

1968 report stating U.S. was becoming “two societies,” unequal and divided by race

Six-Day War

1967 conflict where Israel defeated Arab states; increased U.S. involvement in Middle East

Tet Offensive

1968 surprise attack by North Vietnam; shifted U.S. public opinion against the war

Stonewall Uprising

1969 protest against police raids; sparked modern LGBTQ rights movement

Students for a Democratic Society

student activist group opposing Vietnam War and promoting reform

Apollo 11 Mission

1969 moon landing; major Cold War victory in space race

Vietnamization

Nixon policy to withdraw U.S. troops and shift fighting to South Vietnam

Nixon Doctrine

policy that U.S. would support allies but expect them to defend themselves

Silent Majority

Americans who supported Nixon’s policies but were not publicly vocal

My Lai

1968 massacre of Vietnamese civilians by U.S. troops; increased anti-war sentiment

Kent State University

1970 shootings of student protesters by National Guard

Pentagon Papers

leaked documents revealing U.S. government deception about Vietnam War

Détente

easing of Cold War tensions between U.S. and Soviet Union

Miranda Warning

requirement that police inform suspects of their rights (Miranda v. Arizona)

Philadelphia Plan

required affirmative action in federal construction hiring

Southern Strategy

Republican strategy appealing to white Southern voters opposed to civil rights

Environmental Protection Agency

federal agency created to regulate pollution and protect environment

Earth Day

1970 event raising awareness of environmental issues

War Powers Act

limited president’s ability to deploy troops without Congressional approval

Malcolm

civil rights leader advocating Black nationalism and self-defense

Carmichael

SNCC leader who promoted Black Power and more militant activism

Wallace

segregationist Alabama governor appealing to white backlash

Kissinger

Nixon’s advisor who shaped détente and foreign policy

Burger

Chief Justice who led more conservative Supreme Court after Warren Court

Carson

author of Silent Spring; helped launch environmental movement

Chávez

labor leader who organized farmworkers using strikes and boycotts

McGovern

anti-war Democratic candidate in 1972 presidential electio