Unit 4: Revolution to Independence

7.3A, 7.3B, 7.3C

Stephen F. Austin

known as the Father of Texas, led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States

Sam Houston

politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States, general of the Texas army during the Revolution, general who beat Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto, and then First president of the Republic of Texas

Lorenzo de Zavala

a Tejano hero of the Texas revolution, politician who signed the Declaration of Independence for Texas from Mexico and the first Vice President of the republic

Santa Anna

Mexican President during the Texas Revolution, then general of the army who lost to general Sam Houston at the Battle of San Jacinto

General Cos

Mexican general that surrendered at San Antonio (Battle of) in December 1835. Mexican army left Texas

General Urrea

Mexican general who defeated General Fannin (Texas) at Goliad. He wanted the Texans to be freed but were Santa Anna ordered them to be massacred.

James Bowie

United States pioneer and hero of the Texas revolt against Mexico. He commanded the VOLONTEER army in The Alamo. He ill in bed for most of the siege and was killed on the final day.

Davy Crockett

Congressman from Tennessee who traveled to Texas to help the Revolution, he is a hero of the Battle of Alamo. He was killed in the final battle

William B. Travis

Lieutenant Colonel of Texas regular army who assumed command at the Alamo, he was killed very early in the battle (shot in head)

General Fannin

Texas Colonel who disobeyed orders from Houston to retreat. Fought at Goliad, he was surrounded and his troops surrendered. General Cos (Mexican general) ordered the troops to be released. Santa Anna ordered them to be killed. This is called the GOLIAD MASSACRE

Causes for Texas Revolution

Fredonian Rebellion, Mier y Teran Report, Law of April 6, 1830

Battle of Gonzales

first battle of TX Revolution (often called the battle of lexington in Texas - after the Battle of Lexington in Massachusetts that began the American Revolution) that began when Texas refused to surrender their cannon to Mexican troops- after the battle, Texan troops made signs that said "come and take it" after the battle of Gonzales. Texans won the battle.

Battle of San Antonio de Bexar

The Texans laid siege on the Mexicans stationed in the Alamo in San Antonio. The Mexicans ran out of food and ammo, and had to surrender- sometimes called the first battle of the Alamo (Texans won) Mexican Army pushed out of TX

Texas Declaration of Independence

Signed March 2, 1836 at the Washington on the Brazos (small house), similar to America's Declaration of Independence. Signing occurred during Alamo siege.

Washington on the Brazos

founded when Texas was still a part of Mexico, and the settlement became the site of the Convention of 1836 and the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence.

Battle of Alamo

13 Day siege in Feb, 1836 during the Texas Revolution that resulted in the massacre of about 200 Americans; vengeful Americans rallied to the cry "Remember the ALAMO" when they eventually defeated the Mexicans at San Jacinto.

Battle of Goliad

battle whose commander was Col. James Fannin (Texas), who chose to surrender rather than lose anyway, Santa Anna ordered all of the Texan soldiers to be executed. Goliad Massacre

Battle of San Jacinto

A surprise attack by Texas forces on Santa Ana's camp on April 21, 1836. Santa Ana's men were surprised and overrun in 18 minutes. Santa Ana was taken prisoner and signed Treaty of Velasco, securing Texas independence. Mexicans - 630 dead, 730 captured. Texans - 9 dead.

Texas Constitution 1836

declared independence from Mexico, elected president and vice president for 3 years, house and senate, modeled on US constitution

greivance

a complaint

treaty

an agreement between nations

patriotism

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

liberation

freedom

hero

someone who fights for a cause

dictator

A ruler who has complete power over a country

Treaties of Velasco

On May 14, Santa Anna signed two peace treaties with interim Texas president David G. Burnet.

The public treaty provided that Santa Anna would withdraw his forces below the Rio Grande and not take up arms again against Texas. Both sides promised to exchange prisoners on an equal basis. Mexico did not ratify (make official) the treaty and did not follow the agreement made.

George Childress

Was a delegate at Washington on the Brazos and organized a committee to write the Texas Declaration of Independence. He is the primary author of the document.

Lorenzo de Zavala

He was chosen as temporary vice president of Texas. He had worked to establish a democratic government in Mexico, but when it became clear that Santa Anna would not make reforms, he moved to Texas. Important because naming him vice president was one of the first acts of the Republic of Texas.

Law of April 6, 1830

Outlawed immigration from the United States to Mexico. Added taxes to foreign goods. Suspended incomplete empresario contracts. Built new military forts.

Turtle Bayou Resolutions

Group of Texas settlers declared loyalty to the Constitution of 1824 and Santa Ana after the trouble at Anahuac. Settlers were committed to a correct interpretation of the Constitution of 1824.

The Fredonian Rebellion

First event leading to the Texas Revolution. Rebellion at Haden Edwards' colony that made the Mexican government worried about the problems in Texas.

Trouble at Anahuac

Arrest of William Travis causes an armed conflict in Anahuac, Texans retreat to Turtle Bayou.

Mier y Teran Report

Mexico needed more soldiers in Texas. Needed less Anglo Americans in Texas. Needed to increase trade between Texas and Mexico.