anatomy Puzzle Pieces

Leg is another word for lower limb and arm is another word for upper limb

False

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix? What physical exam technique is most useful for detecting rebound tenderness in this condition?

Palpation

Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue. What technique involves listening to lung sounds to help diagnose this condition

Ausculation

Hepatomegaly refers to enlargement of the liver. What physical exam technique involves tapping on the abdomen to assess liver size?

Percussion

Jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin. What technique involved visually identifying this condition?

Inspection

Congestive heart failure can cause fluid buildup in the lungs. What technique allows detection of crackles in the lungs during examination?

Auscultation

Which of following is a clear example of differentiation?

A stem cell developing into a neuron

In a laparoscopic surgery, a camera is inserted to view abdominal organs. To display both the liver and stomach side-by-side on the monitor, the screen typically shoes images in which plane?

Transverse

An MRI shows a vertical section dividing the body into left and right halves, with inflammation around the heart. What anatomical plane is visualized here?

Sagittal

An MRI shows vertical section dividing the body into left and right halves, with inflammation around the heart. What membrane would be involved?

Pericardium

An imaging study divides the body into front and back to show fluid around the lungs. What anatomical plane is visualized here?

Coronal

An imaging study divides the body front to back and shows fluid around the lungs. What membrane would be involved?

Pleura

During a laparoscopic procedure, a surgeon observes the membrane layer that lies directly against the surface of the small intestine. What layer of the serous membrane is being observed?

Visceral

During a physical exam, a clinician notes that the liver is enlarged and extending significantly below the ribcage. Relative to the diaphragm, the liver is located:

Inferior

The patellar region is _______ to the leg

Proximal

The intestines are _____ to the liver

Caudal

The metacarpals are ______ to the hallux

Cranial

The larynx is shared between the digestive and the respiratory system

False

The kidneys are part of the ____ system

Urinary

What quadrant contains the spleen?

LUQ

The majority of the small intestine is located in which quadrants?

LLQ and RLQ

If osteoclast acitivty exceeds osteoblast activity, how will the mass of the bone be affected?

the bone would have an decreased mineral content and, as a result, it would also be weaker.

In an adult, the epiphysis is separated from the diaphysis by _________.

the epiphyseal line.

In teenagers, where is bone added to during endochondral ossification?

In the metaphysis, specifically in the side that is closer to the diaphysis of the bone.

Estrogen is a hormone that aids in the absorption of calcium. When a woman reaches menopause, the production of estrogen is greatly reduced. Mary recently reached menopausal age and was advised to take a calcium supplement to reduce her risk of Osteoporosis. How can a menopause affect Mary's bones?

Osteoclasts will begin to break down calcium stored within the bone which can cause osteoporosis

What component of the bone matrix gives it its toughness?

calcium phosphate

Which bone feature is where one can find the olfactory nerve and what bone can it be found on?

Cribriform plate, ethmoid bone

Which of these features is present in the sphenoid bone?

sella turcica

Which two bones/bone features come together to form the nasal septum?

perpendicular plate and vomer

The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the:

occipital bone

Scoliosis occurs from:

over-curvature laterally

Which branch of anatomy is defined by the study of body structures that can be examined using unaided eye?

gross anatomy

Which body cavity is formed by cranial bones?

cranial cavity

The gallbladder belongs to which organ system?

digestive

The fingers are ___________ to the wrist.

distal

Which plane divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions?

transverse

Most of the stomach is in the ____________.

 

left upper quadrant.

Which term is used to define the fact that epithelia do not contain blood vessels?

avascularity

The following are examples of connective tissue, except:

 

skeletal muscle

Having a matrix is a characteristic of which type of tissue?

connective

When epithelial cells are flat they are referred to as _____________ cells.

squamous

The urinary bladder is an organ that due to its function is required to be constantly contracting and expanding (relaxing). Which type of surface epithelium would you expect to find in this organ?

 

transitional epithelium

Anne has pale skin and goes to the beach. Instead of getting a tan, her skin gets red and maybe even burned. Why does that happen?

 

she produces less melanin

In which layer of the skin are melanocytes located?

 

stratum basale

How many layers of the dermis is present in thick skin?

2

If a needle pokes your skin and results in instant bleeding, which skin layer has the needle reached?

papillary layer

Most stem cells differentiate into keratinocytes in which skin layer?

stratum basale

Layers of the epidermis from the deepest to most superficial are:

basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum

Which bone feature is where one can find the olfactory nerve and what bone can it be found on?

Cribriform plate, ethmoid bone

Which of these features is present in the sphenoid bone?

sella turcica

Which two bones/bone features come together to form the nasal septum?

perpendicular plate and vomer

The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the:

occipital bone

Scoliosis occurs from:

 

over-curvature laterally

Which two bone features compose the condyle of the humerus?

 

capitulum and trochlea

Which carpal bone, based on its location, would articulate with the metacarpal of the thumb?

trapezium

When the forearm is pronated, the shaft of the radius is ____________ to the shaft of the ulna.

anterior

The bones that form the pectoral girdle are the:

clavicle and scapula

The coronoid process articulates with the _________ of the humerus

 

coronoid fossa

Which three bones form the coxal bone?

ischium, ilium, pubis

The pubic symphysis unites which two bones?

 

right and left pubis

Which bone has the linea aspera as one of the bone features?

femur

The head of the fibula articulates with the:

 

proximal part of the tibia

The head of the femur articulates with the:

acetabulum

When the forearm is pronated, the radius is ____________ to the ulna.

anterior

The synovial joint between the atlas and axis is a:

 

pivot joint

What joint is considered biaxial?

 

metatarso-phalangeal joints

The main function of a fibrous joint is to:

 

provide stability between two bones

The ligament that runs from the posterior aspect of the femur towards the anterior aspect of the tibia is named: 

 

anterior cruciate ligament

A type of tissue that covers body surfaces, lines internal organs and cavities, and form glands

Epithelial tissue

Supports, binds, and protects other tissues and organs

Connective Tissue

Produces movement by contracting

Muscle tissue

Sends, receives, and processes electrical signals

Nervous tissue

A patient arrives at the emergency room with severe dehydration after experiencing prolonged diarrhea. The physician notes that water is leaking from the intestinal lining into the gut. Which of the following cell junctions is most likely compromised, leading to this loss of barrier function between intestinal epithelial cells?

Tight Junctions

A burn patient shows evidence of the epidermis detaching from the underlying dermis. Histological staining reveals a disruption in the junctions anchoring basal epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Which junction is most likely compromised?

Hemidesmosomes

A researcher is studying the effects of a drug that disrupts actin filaments in epithelial tissues. After treatment, the epithelial cells lose their ability to maintain proper shape and coordinated movement, although their barrier function remains mostly intact. Microscopy shows that the cells are still attached at points of intermediate filament (keratin) connection. Which type of cell junction is most directly affected by the actin disruption?

Adherens Junctions

Epithelial tissue is _____.

Avascular

______ epithelium lines surfaces

Surface

while ____ epithelium forms secreting portions of glands.

glandular

Which type of epithelium is best suited for diffusion of gases in the alveoli of the lungs?

Simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following epithelial types is multilayered and best suited to resist friction and abrasion, while allowing for a smooth surface, such as in the esophagus?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Which epithelial type appears to be layered but all cells are attached to the basement membrane and is found in the trachea?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of endocrine glands?

They are ductless and secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Which of the following glands is an example of an exocrine gland?

Salivary gland

A gland that releases its product via exocytosis without damaging the cell is known as a:

Merocrine gland

Which gland releases its secretions by rupturing the entire cell, destroying it in the process?

Holocrine

Which type of gland releases part of the cytoplasm along with the secretion?

Apocrine

A patient complains of excessive sweating, particularly on the palms and forehead. You explain that the apocrine sweat glands are classified as:

Merocrine

Flat large cells that move through connective tissue and secrete fibers and ground substance.

Fibroblasts

Develop from monocytes and destroy bacteria and cell debris by phagocytosis.

Macrophages

Store fats and are found below the skin and around organs.

Adipocytes

White blood cells that migrate to sites of infection that destroy microbes by phagocytosis.

neutrophils

White blood cells that migrate to sites of parasitic infection and allergic responses.

Eosinophils

Develop from B lymphocytes and secrete antibodies that attack and neutralize foreign substances.

Plasma cells

Abundant along blood vessels and produce histamine, which dilates blood vessels during inflammation and kill bacteria.

Mast cells

Which connective tissue type contains widely spaced cells, loosely arranged fibers, and is found under epithelial layers to provide cushioning and support?

Loose areolar connective tissue

A 50-year-old male with chronic joint pain has MRI findings showing damaged intervertebral discs. The tissue between his vertebrae is composed of strong collagen bundles designed to absorb compressive forces. Which connective tissue is most likely damaged?

Fibrocartilage

Osteoblasts are the cells that form cartilage.

False

The most abundant one and tough but flexible

Hyaline Cartilage

Most elastic one due to the presence of rich elastic fibers and found in the external ear

Elastic cartilage

Toughest one out of the three due to the presence of dense collage fibers

Fibrous cartilage