RAD 232 Foot + ankle

CR Lat foot

perpendicular to base of metatarsals

How many phalanges in the foot

14

Why is the AP axial preferred over AP projection of the foot

Demonstrates the tarsometatarsal jt space better and reduces foreshortening

Regardless of condition of the PT which positioning maneuver should be performed to position the foot for the lateral projections

Ensure the plantar surface is perpendicular to IR

Where in the foot are the cuneiforms

Between naviculars and metatarsals

Which part of the talus articulates w/ distal tibia

Trochlea

The articulation from talus and calcaneus

subtalar Jt

On the lateral side between calcaneus and 4-5 metatarsal

cuboid

How many metatarsals bones

5

Which is the 1st metatarsal and where does it begin

Great toe at medial side

What are the 2 articular extremities of the metatarsals

base- proximal

head-distal

Distal end of metatarsals (head) that articulate w/ phalanges

metatarsophalangeal jt

How many tarsal bones

7

Names of tarsal bones

Calcaneus (os calcis)

talus

cuboid

navicular

medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiforms

Largest tarsal + forms heel of foot and usually requires separate exam from foot

Calcaneus

Occupies the highest position + 2nd largest

talus

Occupy central + medial aspect of foot between navicular and 1-3 metatarsal

Cuneiforms

Small detached bones found in foot usually form in points of stress near Jt

Sesamoids

How should the PT be positioned for the AP axial + AP oblique of the foot

w/ knee flexed & plantar surface of foot on IR

CR for AP axial foot

10 degrees toward heel entering base of the 3rd metatarsal

How much rotation for the AP oblique medial rotation of the foot

30 medially

CR for AP oblique foot

Perpendicular to base of 3rd metatarsal

How should the foot be positioned for the Lat foot

Dorsiflexed to 90 degrees from leg

PT position for the Lat projection of foot + ankle

turned toward affected side

Which projection of the foot best demonstrates sinus tarsi?

AP medial oblique

For the Lat foot the fibula should be overlapping which part of the tibia

Posterior portion

Collimation Lat foot

1in all sides of the shadow including medial malleolus

Bone classification of tarsals

short

which bones comprise Hinde foot

Talus + calcaneus

which bones comprise Forefoot

Phalanges + metatarsal

which bones comprise Midfoot

Navicular

cuboid

cuneiform

Navicular location

Medial side between talus + cuneiform

Which tarsal bone is most superior tarsal?

talus

Which bones articulate distally w/ Navicular bone

cuneiforms

what other projection term refers to the AP foot?

Dorsoplantar

Which bone articulates w/ superior surface of calcaneus

Talus

What is the most distal part of metatarsal

head

which is the largest and which is the smallest cuneiform

L→medial

s→intermediate

What types of JT are the interphalangeal Jt

synovial (diarthrodial) hinge

What procedural projection compensation is required for the plantodorsal axial projection of calcaneus when PT can’t dorsiflex the foot to place the plantar surface verticle

Elevate the leg on sandbags to achieve correct position

Where in the foot is the tuberosity that is easily palpable

Proximal portion of 5th metatarsal

which articulation is an ellipsoid type jt

Metatarsophalangeal

which projection of the ankle should be performed for the best demonstration of ligamentous tear?

AP w/ inversion

which articulation of the foot is gliding type jt

intertarsal

which 2 tarsal bones articulate w/ each other by way of 3 facets

talus + calcaneus

which projection of the foot best demonstrates the cuboid and it’s articulations

AP oblique medial rotation

which bone articulates medially w/ cuboid

Lat cuneiform

which tarsal bones articulate w/ metatarsal

cuneiforms + cuboid

How should the CR be directed for best demonstration of tarsometatarsal jt space of midfoot for AP projection of foot

10 degree posteriorly (toward heel)

which bones articulate distally w/ the 3 cuneiforms

Metatarsal

On the medial side between talus + cuneiforms

Navicular

How many bones in the foot

26

where are the sesamoids usually found

Posterior (plantar) surface of 1st MTP Jt

What type of Jt is the MTP Jt

Ellipsoidal

CR Lat ankle (lateralmedio)

Perpendicular to ankle entering Lat malleolus

The slight adduction/abduction + rotation motion of the ankle result from what?

Intertarsal gliding movement

How should the foot be positioned for the AP, oblique + lateral projection of the ankle

Dorsiflexed 90 degrees

CR for both AP ankle + AP oblique ankle

Perpendicular through ankle to midway between malleoli

CR Lat ankle (mediolateral)

Perpendicular to ankle Jt entering medial malleolus

How much rotation for oblique ankle?

45 medially

How much rotation for the Mortise JT?

15-20 medially

what type of jt is the ankle jt

synovial hinge

The ankle jt is formed by articulations between the talus and the…

Lat + medial malleolus and inferior surface of tibia

where is the medial malleolus located

distal tibia

where is the Lat malleolus located

distal fibula

Collimation for ankle

1in on sides 8 in LW to include heel

How should the intermalleolar plane be to the IR

Parallel

w/ reference to the plane of the IR how should the malleoli be positioned for the AP oblique projection of the ankle for the best demonstration of the mortise jt spaces open

parallel

Tibiofibular articulation open and distal tibia + fibula overlap some of the talus demonstrates what?

Proper 45 degree rotation of ankle

which projection of the ankle best demonstrate the talofibular jt space free from bony superimposition

AP oblique (15-20 medial rotation)

which articulation should be open on the AP oblique projection (45 medial rotation) of the ankle

Distal tibiofibular

What angulation & direction is used for the Axial projection of the calcaneus?

40 degrees cephalic along axis of foot entering base of 3rd metatarsal

For the lateral projection of the calcaneus where is the CR centered to ?

1in distal to medial malleolus