Impacts of Economic Sectors on Resources

These flashcards review key concepts and case studies related to the impacts of economic sectors on resources, informal employment, and the relationship of population on resources.

What stage is the UK currently in according to the Clark-Fisher model?

Post-industrial stage

What percentage of employment in the UK was in tertiary economic activities in 2021?

Over 70%

What was the primary economic employment percentage in the UK in 1900?

15%

Which city is the second most important financial center in the world?

London

What positive impact has deindustrialization had in the UK?

Improvements in the environment and decreased pollution.

What negative impact resulted from job losses in the secondary industries in the UK?

Large areas of deprivation, especially in inner cities.

In what year did China begin to open up to trade?

1978

What was the employment percentage in primary economic activities in China in 1950?

Over 80%

What sector is currently increasingly important in China as of 2020?

Tertiary economic activities

What are some benefits of TNC investment in China?

Improved incomes, higher living standards, investment in education and health services.

What negative impact has deindustrialization had in China?

Increased gap between rich and poor.

What stage is Kenya currently in according to the Clark-Fisher model?

Pre-industrial stage

What has caused an increase in tertiary activities related to tourism in Kenya?

Investment by TNCs.

What are some environmental impacts of increased tourism in Kenya?

Air, water, and noise pollution.

What percentage of Turkey's GDP was manufacturing in 2020?

27%

What is leading the growth of tertiary and quaternary sectors in Turkey?

Globalization and increased foreign investment.

What percentage of employment consists of informal employment globally?

More than 60%

What percentage of informal employment is in developing countries?

93%

What are common jobs found in the informal economy?

Shoe shining, rubbish collecting, selling goods on the street.

What are the consequences of informal employment?

Lack of healthcare benefits, exposure to risks, exploitation by employers.

How long has Dhaka been experiencing a significant flow of migration?

Approximately 400,000 people each year.

What percentage of the population in Dhaka engages in informal employment?

Over 75%

What is a major characteristic of informal workers in Dhaka?

No benefits such as holiday pay.

What is a key factor that influences population pressure?

Population size and rate of development.

What does carrying capacity refer to?

The maximum number of people an area's resources can sustain.

What does underpopulation mean?

When the population is too small to develop resources effectively.

What does optimum population mean?

The population resulting in the highest standard of living.

What does overpopulation imply?

Too many people with too few resources.

What did Thomas Malthus propose in his theory about population?

Population growth increases faster than food supply leading to a Malthusian catastrophe.

What are positive checks according to Malthus?

Factors that increase the death rate (famine, disease, war).

What is a preventative check?

Factors that decrease the birth rate.

What do Neo-Malthusians warn about today?

We are using most of the available agricultural land.

What was the main argument of Ester Boserup's theory?

Population growth leads to technological advancements in food production.

What might be the result of efficient resource use according to Boserup?

Renewable resources replacing non-renewable resources.

What was one mistake in Malthus's predictions?

They did not account for technological advancements in food supply.

How do Malthus and Boserup differ in their views?

Malthus has a pessimistic view while Boserup is more optimistic.

What type of economic activities are in high demand globally according to the UK case study?

Secondary and tertiary activities.

What is a significant con of informal employment mentioned in the notes?

Workers are often exploited.

What are the consequences of underemployment?

Having a job but not enough working hours.

What is informal employment?

Unregulated and unofficial work.

How much did primary economic activity in China decrease by 2005?

Dropped below 50%.

What percentage of the workforce in Kenya is still involved in agriculture as of 2020?

Over 50%.

What have increased urban migrations led to in Kenya?

The development of informal settlements.

What negative aspect of employment in Dhaka affects children significantly?

Many children work in the informal sector.