space unit grade 9

Dwarf Star

A star categorized as relatively small, like our Sun.

G-type star

The classification of the Sun based on its temperature and spectral characteristics.

Nuclear Fusion

The process of fusing atomic nuclei to form larger nuclei, releasing energy.

Photosphere

The layer of the Sun that serves as the boundary between its interior and outer space, and has the lowest temperature at around 5500 °C.

Solar Flares

Massive explosions from the Sun's surface, visualized as bright filaments due to magnetic field activity.

Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)

A significant solar flare that releases plasma; can reach Earth but is mostly deflected by its magnetic field.

Inner Solar System

The region of the solar system that contains Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

Asteroid Belt

A region of space between Mars and Jupiter, containing numerous small objects and the dwarf planet Ceres.

Kuiper Belt

A region beyond Neptune's orbit containing many small celestial objects, including dwarf planets like Pluto, Haumea, and Makemake.

Terrestrial Planets

Planets primarily composed of rock, namely Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

Gas Giants

Planets composed mostly of hydrogen and helium, specifically Jupiter and Saturn.

Ice Giants

Planets composed largely of water, ammonia, and methane, including Uranus and Neptune.

Dwarf Planet

An object that orbits the Sun but has not cleared its orbit of debris, such as Pluto and Eris.

Light-Year

The distance light travels in one year, approximately 9.46 trillion kilometers.

Proxima Centauri

The nearest star to Earth, located about 4.2 light-years away.

Supernova

A massive explosion occurring at the end of a high-mass star's life cycle, leading to the formation of heavier elements.

White Dwarf

The remnant core of a low-mass star that has exhausted its nuclear fuel and collapsed.

Neutron Star

A stellar remnant formed from the collapse of a supernova, made primarily of neutrons.

Black Hole

An area of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.

Hubble Constant

A measure of the rate of expansion of the universe, approximately 20 km/s/Mpc.

Redshift

The phenomenon where light from distant objects shifts to longer wavelengths, indicating that they are moving away from us.

Density of Neutron Star

The incredibly high density of a neutron star, comparable to conditions found in an atomic nucleus.

Event Horizon

The boundary surrounding a black hole beyond which no information or matter can escape.