exam 2 babies part 2 terms

Attachment and Bonding

=The emotional connection between infant and caregiver; promoted through early and frequent skin-to-skin contact.

Skin-to-Skin Contact

= Placing the infant directly on the caregiver's chest to promote bonding, temperature regulation, and physiologic stability.

Solitary Play

= Play characteristic of infants where they play alone rather than with other children.

Child Abuse

= Any physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect, or exploitation resulting in actual or potential harm to a child's health, survival, development, or dignity.

Intergenerational Cycle of Abuse

= Pattern in which abused children are at increased risk of becoming abusive parents.

Mandatory Reporting

= Legal obligation of healthcare providers to report suspected child abuse.

Unintentional Injuries

= Leading cause of death in infants and children, including falls, burns, drowning, and choking.

Fall Prevention (Infants)

=Never leaving infants unattended on elevated surfaces, especially after 4 months when rolling begins.

Choking Hazards

= Small objects, balloons, certain foods (e.g., grapes, hot dogs, popcorn) that increase risk of airway obstruction.

Flame-Retardant Sleepwear

= Sleep clothing designed to reduce burn risk in case of fire.

Car Seat Safety

= Rear-facing seat with snug harness straps at or below shoulders and correct angle to maintain airway.

Crib Safety

= Safe sleep environment with firm mattress, no loose bedding, pillows, or toys.

Toy Safety

= Age-appropriate toys without small detachable parts to prevent choking.

Indoor Pathogens

= Bacteria and viruses commonly found in food, air, surfaces, parents, siblings, and pets.

Indoor Pollutants

= Harmful substances such as tobacco smoke, gas heaters, kerosene, mold, and household cleaners.

Smoke Inhalation

= Major cause of death in house fires due to toxic gases.

HIV Transmission (Infants)

= Transmission from mother to infant during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.

AIDS

= Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; advanced stage of HIV infection causing immune system failure.

Failure to Thrive (FTT)

= Poor weight gain and growth often seen in infants with chronic illness such as HIV.

Immunization

= Process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination.

Active Immunization

= Administration of live, killed, or attenuated organisms that stimulate the body to produce its own antibodies.

Passive Immunization

= Temporary immunity provided by maternal antibodies transferred during pregnancy.

Herd Immunity

= Community protection that occurs when a high percentage of individuals are vaccinated.

Routine Immunization Schedule

= Recommended vaccines given at birth; 1, 2, 4, 6 months; and 12-15 months.

Influenza Vaccine

= Recommended annually for children older than 6 months.

MMR Vaccine

= Protects against measles, mumps, and rubella; typically given at 12-15 months.

Varicella Vaccine

= Protects against chickenpox.

DTaP

= Vaccine protecting against diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis.

Hib Vaccine

= Protects against Haemophilus influenzae type B.

PCV

= Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

IPV

= Inactivated polio vaccine.

RV

= Rotavirus vaccine (oral vaccine protecting against severe diarrhea).

Hepatitis B Vaccine (Hep B)

= First vaccine given at birth to prevent hepatitis B infection.

Hepatitis A Vaccine (Hep A)

= Vaccine protecting against hepatitis A infection.

Contraindication

= Condition in which a vaccine should NOT be given due to risk of serious adverse reaction.

Live Vaccines

= Vaccines containing weakened organisms (e.g., MMR, Varicella, Rotavirus, intranasal flu) that are contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals and pregnancy.

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

= Immunocompromised condition in which live vaccines (especially rotavirus) are contraindicated.

Precaution (Vaccines)

= Condition that may increase risk of adverse reaction but does not always prevent vaccination.

Adverse Reaction

= Undesirable side effect after vaccination (local redness, fever, allergic reaction).

Anaphylaxis

= Severe allergic reaction requiring immediate epinephrine administration.

Egg Allergy =

Requires inactivated influenza vaccine rather than live intranasal flu vaccine.

Thimerosal

= Mercury-containing preservative historically used in vaccines (rare allergy concern).