Public Health, Healthcare Legislation, and Developmental Lifespan Review

Comprehensive flashcards covering public health objectives, nursing history, cultural competence, family dynamics, developmental theories, and neonatal health based on lecture notes.

Back to sleep program

An educational program used to reduce the number of babies with SIDS by urging parents to place infants on their back rather than their abdomen.

Healthy People $2030$

A national initiative mentioned in the textbook that repeats objectives like oral health, reading to children daily, and eliminating health disparities.

Leading health indicators

A ten year, selected high priority public health issue used for improving health and tracking progress in reducing disparities for the next decade.

Access to health services

A high priority issue focused on increasing the number of people with medical insurance coverage and reducing barriers like cost, transportation, and provider shortages.

Heat vulnerability

Evaluating risk related to extreme heat exposure, particularly in areas like Florida and Arizona.

Infant mortality rate

The number of deaths that occur before one year of age for every $1,000$ live births.

Learned helplessness

A condition where an individual does not attempt to change their behavior or health outcome because they believe it is their inevitable fate based on family history.

Health status

Refers to medical conditions, physical and mental claims, medical history, genetic information, evidence of insurability, and disability.

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person born in a given year is expected to live, which is often increased by education and income.

Nightingale pledge

A professional oath where nurses promise to act ethically, honestly, and professionally, and to devote themselves to the welfare of their patients.

Hill-Burton Act

Also known as the Hospital Construction Act of $1946$, it provided grants for the purpose of building new hospitals within a reasonable distance for citizens.

Joint Commission

The specific accreditation body for hospitals that sets high standards for infection prevention, medication management, and environmental care.

Informed consent

A key patient right where the nurse is often responsible for witnessing the signature, ensuring the patient understands the procedure and the physician has explained it.

Cultural sensitivity

Demonstrating knowledge of culturally appropriate verbal and nonverbal communication, including personal space and respect for gestures.

Cultural competence

Being aware of, accepting, and respecting the beliefs and values of a specific group.

Ethnocentrism

Evaluating other cultures based on the standards of one's own, or believing that one's own culture is superior to others.

Self Determination Act

A legal right to full disclosure of medical information that allows patients to participate in their own health care decisions.

Complementary medicine

Therapies that are used together with Western medical care.

Alternative therapies

Therapies that are used instead of Western medical care.

Family Apgar

A tool created by Gabriel Smilkstein to measure family function using Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve.

Authoritative parenting

A parenting style where problems are solved together with the child, clear rules are set, and open communication is maintained.

Authoritarian parenting

A parent-driven style that sets strict rules and punishments.

Facebook depression

A common term for teens where the use of social media leads to general depression.

Sigmund Freud

A theorist who identified the id, the ego, and the superego, as well as the five stages of psychosocial development.

Oedipus complex

Occurs during the phallic stage ($3$ to $5$ years) where little boys compete with their fathers for their mother's love and attention.

Sublimation

A coping mechanism involving rechanneling unacceptable impulsive behaviors into socially acceptable ones.

Jean Piaget

A theorist who emphasized cognitive milestones, including the sensory motor stage ($0$ to $2$ years) and the preoperational stage ($2$ to $7$ years).

Human Genome Project

An initiative involving gene mapping completed in $2001$ that resulted in the identification of $30,000$ genes.

Dizygotic twins

Fraternal twins that occur when two ova are released and each is fertilized by a separate sperm.

Monozygotic twins

Identical twins that occur when one single fertilized ovum separates into two separate embryos.

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A condition caused by a teratogen that results in mental retardation and abnormal facial features in the newborn.

Apgar scale

A scoring system used at birth to evaluate Appearance (skin color), Pulse, Grimace (reflexes), Activity, and Respiration.

Moro reflex

A startle reflex in infants that occurs when they hear a loud noise or see a bright light.

Self regulation

The ability to control thoughts and behaviors when placed in a stressful state, which is a learned behavior in infants.