Human Occupations Final Exam

Define social determinants of health

conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks

What are some examples of social determinants of health?

safe housing, transportation, education, job opportunities, discrimination, language/literary skills, polluted air/water

When do disparities in healthcare occur?

when the disparities in factors are avoidable and unfair

Who is affected by inequities in health?

Groups who have persistently experienced historical trauma, social disadvantage, or discrimination

Define instrumental activities of daily living

Activities that support daily life within the home and community and that often require more complex interactions than those used in ADLs

What are the six TUOS modes?

Advocating, collaborating, empathizing, encouraging, instructing, and problem-solving

What are some TUOS strategies?

Addressing the client appropriately for their age, asking about hobbies/interests, keeping the client in the loop for their health plan, being friendly, listening to client's concerns

Define teach-back method

a technique where healthcare providers ask the client to repeat the given information back to them, assessing the client's understanding

How can a practitioner increase the success of the teach-back method?

Using simple language, rephrasing things when needed

Define forward chaining

Breaking down a complex task into little steps, then rewarding the client when they complete each little step, until they can complete the whole task

Define backward chaining

The therapist walks through the task with the client up until the last step. The client is rewarded when they can complete the last step independently. Then, the process is repeated, except the therapist prompts the client to perform the last two steps independently, and so forth

Define occupational balance

engaging in relatively equal amounts of work, self-care, rest, and leisure occupations; all occupations are balanced appropriately

Define occupational performance

Accomplishment of the selected occupation resulting from the dynamic transaction among the client, their context, and the occupation.

Define occupational justice

recognizes occupational rights to inclusive participation in everyday occupations for all persons regardless of age, ability, gender, social class, or other differences

What does occupational justice include access to and participation in?

full range of meaningful occupations afforded to others, including opportunities for social inclusion and the resources to participate in occupations to satisfy personal, health, and societal needs

Define health disparities

preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged groups

Define compassion fatigue

state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress that comes as a result of working with trauma-impacted clients

Define carryover

the transfer and application of skills learned during therapy sessions to other environments, such as home, school, and the community

Define health literacy

the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others

What role does phenomenology play in the definition of occupation?

The term occupation benefits from being rooted in meaning, which is often seen through the call, being-with, and possibilities

What is the call in phenomenology?

what we are called to do, what excites, engages, or demands something of us; seen in what we are passionate about

What is the being-with in phenomenology?

a growing intimacy gained through sharing an interest that gives the meaning that matters; the relationships formed through occupation

What is possibilities in phenomenology?

Our occupations show others and ourselves who we are becoming; they show how we are constantly moving between our old selves and our new selves

How does focusing on phenomenology improve occupational therapy?

Forms deeper relationships with the client, unlocks the occupation's potential to nurture well-being and development

Define primary prevention

preventing disease or injury from occurring in the first place

Define secondary prevention

reducing the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred

Define tertiary prevention

softening the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects; long-term care

Define the biomedical view of occupation

focused on using an objective view of physical factors to implement medical interventions to cure diseases or disorders

Define the phenomenological view of occupation

a view focused on occupation as a lived experience on the client's part; emphasis on meaning over pure functionaility

Define the holistic view of occupation

a view focused on looking at the whole person; body, mind, and environment are all connected

Define the fragmented view of occupation

a view focused on the hyper-specific areas of OT instead of the whole process holistically

Define sleep as an occupation

Activities related to obtaining restorative rest and sleep to support healthy, active engagement in other occupations

What are the two parts of sleep as an occupation?

Preparation and engagement

What occurs in sleep preparation?

routines that prepare for sleep; grooming, undressing, listening to music, saying goodnight, setting an alarm

What occurs in sleep participation?

Ensuring onset of sleep; maintaining a deep sleep, meeting bodily needs in the night, doing nightly familial tasks like caring for a child after a nightmare

What is health promotion?

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health

Define spiritual expression as an occupation

Engaging in and finding meaning in religious or spiritual activities

True or false: spirituality is synonymous with religion

False

True or false: OTPs are permitted to aid clients in fulfilling spiritual goals

True

What environmental factors influence sleep?

All of them: sight, touch, taste, hearing, smell