Bacteria

Bacteria

Prokaryotic

• much larger than viruses.

Bacteria charecterstics

1. Shape 

2. Materials composing the cell wall

3. Movement methods 

4. Energy sources 

Prokaryotic organism

• Lack a nucleus and all membrane bound organelles

• One single, circular chromosome

•  dominate the biosphere.

• Biomass outweighs all eukaryotes combined by at least 10 fold

Bacteria movement

• Not all bacteria has movement

• Some have organelles that enable movement (flagella and/or cilia)

Saprophytes

HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA

• Live on dead organic matter. 

• Important decomposers 

PARASITES

HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA

• An organism that invades plants and animals. 

• Lives off of the host and harms them.

Photoautotrophs

AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA 

Use light energy from the sun to create glucose and oxygen.

CHEMOAUTOTROPHS

• AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA 

• Use the energy from inorganic reactions (sulfur) as a source of energy to make glucose. 

• HUMAN MICROBIOME

Human are originally sterile.

• The birth canal and breastfeeding provide our first exposure to microorganisms. 

• It takes up to 2 years for a microbiome to be developed. 

Islnfant botulism

Baby injest toxins from bacteria

Cause muscle weakness, trouble breathing, weak cry, weak muscle tone, and constipation

• What can bacteria do? 

• Produce vitamins (folate, riboflavin) 

• Break down food 

• Used to manufacture medicines 

• Recycle several elements in the environment (Carbon Cycle) 

• Fix nitrogen for plants 

• Clean up oil spills 

ARCHAEA

CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA 

Lack peptidoglycans in cell wall

• Closer relative to eukaryotes 

• Can survive in extreme environments (hot springs)

EUBACTERIA

CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA 

“True Bacteria” 

• Found in every environment 

• Contain a cell wall that constraints peptidoglycan

Methanogens

ARCHAEA

• Convert hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide to methane gas 

• Thrive in the digestive tract 

Cows release it

Halophiles

• Thrive in areas of high salt concentrations 

  • Great Lakes and the Dead Sea 

Thermoacidophiles

ARCHAEA

• Live in very acidic environments and high temperatures 

  • Hot Springs in Yellowstone

• Thrive up to 110 degrees Celsius (230 degrees F) and a pH less than 2 

bacteria thrive in?

Sutibale temperature - 80-100 ℉

MOISTURE AND DARKNESS 

SUITABLE FOOD SOURCE 

SPACE TO GROW

Harmful Bacteria

Bad bacteria can cause different diseases when present in large numbers.

• Release toxins

• Destroy cells in a particular area (ulcers, cavities, strep throat, etc.)

• Use nutrients meant for our cells (can lead to cell death)

• Cause immune response that can be harmful (high temp, etc.)

Bacteria pathogens

STD

Skin

Respitory

Nervous

Digestive

Treatment

• Antibacterial medications (antibiotics), soaps, and disinfectants

• Too much and/or too often can also kill beneficial (good) bacteria

• Does NOT work against viruses