Bio Lab

What are the three main biomolecules tested in Lab 1?

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids.

What reagent tests for the presence of proteins?

Biuret reagent.

What color indicates a positive result for proteins using Biuret reagent?

Purple.

What color indicates a positive result for peptides using Biuret reagent?

Pink.

What reagent tests for the presence of reducing sugars?

Benedict’s reagent.

What color indicates a low concentration of glucose when using Benedict's reagent?

Green/yellow.

What color indicates a high concentration of glucose when using Benedict's reagent?

Brick red.

What test is used for the presence of starch?

Iodine test.

What color indicates a positive result for starch using the iodine test?

Blue-black.

What is the basic building block of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharide.

What are made out of two monosaccharides

Disaccharides.

What are proteins made up of?

Amino acids.

What is formed between two amino acids?

Peptide bond.

What are the three types of lipids?

Phospholipids, triglycerides, steroids.

If a test substance turns purple with Biuret reagent, what is present?

Proteins.

What are the four primary classes of human tissues?

Epithelium, Muscle, Connective, Nervous.

In the H&E stain, what does 'H' stand for?

Hematoxylin.

In the H&E stain, what does 'E' stand for?

Eosin.

What charge does eosin have and what color does it stain?

Negative; Pink/Red.

How are the cell nuclei stained by eosin?

Light stained.

What charge does hematoxylin have and what color does it stain?

Positive; Blue.

How are the cell nuclei stained by hematoxylin?

Intensive stained.

How are the cytoplasm of cells stained with hematoxylin?

Light stained.

When staining with H&E, what color do nuclei appear?

Dark/Blue/Purple.

Do hydrophobic structures stain well with H&E?

Do not.

What are the two types of chromatin found in the nucleus?

Heterochromatic and euchromatic.

Where is compact bone located in long bones?

Diaphysis.

What is the primary structural unit of compact bone?

Osteons.

What type of cells are found in spongy bone?

Osteocytes.

Which type of bone contains red bone marrow?

Spongy bone.

What type of tissue is cartilage?

Connective.

What are the specialized cells found within cartilage?

Chondrocytes.

What do cartilage lack that makes it a slower healing tissue?

Blood vessels.

What type of ribs are rib 11 and 12?

False ribs.

What pairs are the floating ribs?

Pair 11 and pair 12.

Where is hyaline cartilage located on a long bone?

Epiphyses.

What is the shaft of a long bone called?

Diaphysis.

What is the end of a long bone called?

Epiphysis.

What are the cells in hyaline cartilage called?

Chondrocytes.

What are the vertebrae in the neck region called?

Cervical.

Which bone forms the upper jaw?

Maxilla.

Which bone forms the lower jaw?

Mandible.

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

Scapula and Clavicle.

What is the strongest bone in the lower limb?

Femur.

Where are osteons found in long bone, and what type of bone are they?

Diaphysis; compact bone.

Where do blood vessels pass through in long bones?

Compact bone.

What are the three types of muscular tissue?

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth.