Bio Lab

Lab 1

1. The three main biomolecules test are ___, ___, and ___, 

   1. Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids

2. What tests for the presents of proteins. What color is a positive results and what color is peptides.

   1. Biuret reagent, purple, pink

3. What test for the presence of reducing sugars. Color for positive and low concentration of glucose. Color for high concentration of glucose.

   1. Benedict’s reagent, green/yellow, Brick red

4. What test for the presence of starch. Color for Positive

   1. Iodine test, blue-black

5. The basic building block of carbohydrates is the ___. Sucroses are called ___ which are composed of two monosaccharides.

   1. Monosaccharide, disaccharides

6. Proteins are made up of small monomer molecules called ___. A ___ is formed between two amino acids

   1. amino acids, peptide bond

7. 3 types of lipids are

   1. Phospholipids, triglycerides, steroids

8. If you test an unknown substance with the biuret reagent and it turns purple, ___ are present

   1. Proteins

Lab 2.

1. What are the four primary classes of human tissues

   1. Epithelium, Muscle, Connective, Nervous

2. H&E stain, “H” refer as ____ and “E” refer as  ___.

   1. Hematoxylin, Eosin 

3. Eosin is a ___ charged , ___ dye . Tissue stained with eosin will show the cell nuclei are ___ stained. However, the cytoplasm of most cells is _______

4. ( intensive/light) stained

   1. Negative, Pink/Red, light, intensive

5. Hematoxylin is a ______ charged,  ____ dye. Tissue stained with hematoxylin will show the cell nuclei are______ ( intensive/light) stained, but the cytoplasm of cells are ______

6. ( intensive/light) stained

   1. Positive, Blue, Intensive, Light

7. Staining with the combination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), nuclei appear _____, while the cytoplasm is pink/red_ Hydrophobic structures (such as those rich in fats) ____( do/do not) stain well with H&E

   1. Dark/Blue/Purple,  Do not

8. What are the two types of chromatin found in the nucleus? Indicate the type of nucleus in the following picture.

   1. heterochromatic or euchromatic

Lab 3

1. Is compact bone located in the diaphysis or in the epiphyses.

   1. Diaphysis

2. What is the primary structural unit of compact bone?

   1. Osteons

3. What type of cells are found in spongy bone?

   1. Osteocytes

4. Does spongy bone or compact bone contain  red bone marror

   1. Spongy bone

5. Cartilage is flexible and resilient type of ___ tissue

   1. Connective 

6. ___ are the spicialized cells found within cartilage maintaining the extracellular matrix

   1. Chondrocytes

7. Unlike bone, cartilage lacks ___ vessels making it a slower healing tissue

   1. Blood

8. Rib11 and 12 are ___ Ribs

   1. False

9. The floating ribs are pair and pair ribs

   1. Pair 11 and pair 12 

10. The hyaine cartilage is located __ on a long bone

    1. Epiphyses

11. The shaft of long bone is called ___. The end of a long bone is called ___. The growth line is in ___

    1. Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Diaphysis

12. The cells in hyaline cartilage are called

    1. Chondrocytes.

13. The vertebrae in the neck region are called 

    1. Cervical

14. The ___ bone forms the upper jaw and contains the upper teeth

    1. Maxilla

15. The ___ bone forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth

    1. Mandible

16. The pectoral girdle consists of the ___ and ___

    1. Scapula, Clavicle

17. The strongest bone in the lower limb

    1. Femur

18. Osteons are found in the ___ of a long bone and the bone type is ___ bone

    1. Diaphysis, compact

19. The blood vessels pass through ___ in the long bone 

    1. Compact bone

Lab 4. 

1. Three types of muscular tissue:

   1. a. Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth