Viruses and Prions

Bacteriophage

Viruses that infect bacteria

Nucleocapsid

Both the nucleic acid and the capsid

Virion

Fully formed virus able to establish infection in a host

Genome

Total genetic information in an organism or virus

Host

Organism in which smaller organisms (bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites) and viruses live in, feed on and reproduce in

Host range

The types of host or host cells that a virus can invade

Cytopathic effect

Visible changes that can happen to cells from infection and can be seen using a microscope

Inclusion bodies

Masses of viruses and damaged organelles that can form inside cells

Syncytia

Virus-infected cells that fuse together

Provirus

Viral DNA inserted into host DNA, dormant inside cell

Prophage

Once viral DNA is inserted into bacterial chromosome

Chronic latent state

The dormant state, activation after a period of viral inactivity

General properties of a virus

Capsid, Envelope, Spikes, Genetic material, Shape, Complex Capsids

Enveloped virus parts

Envelope, Spike, Capsid, Nucleic acid

Virus classification

Family, Genus, Species, Subspecies

Animal virus life cycle phases

Adsorption, Penetration, Uncoating, Synthesis, Assembly, Release

Viral proteins in synthesis phase

Capsid proteins, Spike proteins, Enzymes

RNA virus replication

In host cell cytoplasm

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Template for making more +RNA

Sense vs

Sense can be read by ribosomes, Antisense can't be read by ribosomes

DNA virus replication

In host cell nucleus

Viral protein synthesis

In the cytoplasm

DNA virus assembly

In the nucleus

Retrovirus enzymes

Reverse transcriptase, Integrase, Protease

Viral oncogenesis

Integration of viral DNA leading to cell becoming cancerous

Lytic cycle steps

Adsorption, Penetration, Duplication, Assembly, Maturation, Release

Lysogenic vs

Penetration differs, Lysogenic remains dormant in bacterial chromosome

Lysogenic conversion

Genes coding for toxins increasing pathogenicity in bacteria