Nutrition and Metabolism Practice Flashcards

This set of 25 vocabulary flashcards covers key concepts from Chapters 9 through 12, focusing on metabolism, nutritional assessment, and clinical feeding methods.

ATP

A special molecule created when the body releases energy by breaking down food.

Anaerobic Pathway

A metabolic pathway that provides quick bursts of energy without using oxygen.

Glycolysis

The specific process involved in the anaerobic pathway.

Aerobic metabolism

A metabolic process that supports sustained efforts using oxygen.

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A measure of energy expenditure by the body.

Underwater weighing

A method used specifically to measure body density.

Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA)

A method used to measure body fat using electrical resistance.

Storage fat

Fat that helps keep the body warm and protects the organs.

Essential fat

Fat important for hormone regulation; women need about $12\%$ to $14\%$ of their body weight in this form.

Nondiet approach

A health management strategy that focuses on making long-term changes.

Physical fitness

A state that includes three main parts: flexibility, muscular strength, and cardiovascular endurance.

Breastfeeding

A nutrition method that helps protect babies from infections and diseases.

Growth phase cessation

The point around age $30$ when our bodies stop making new cells for growth.

Vitamin D

A nutrient that older adults need in higher amounts.

SNAP

A program that provides financial assistance specifically for purchasing food.

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT)

A nutritional intervention used specifically for conditions like diabetes and kidney disease.

Nutrition risk assessment

An examination performed to determine the likelihood of a person becoming malnourished.

Nutrition Care Process (NCP)

A standardized process where the first step is a thorough nutritional assessment.

Enteral feeding

The delivery of nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract.

Nasogastric tube

A feeding tube that is inserted through the nose.

Gastrostomy tube

A feeding tube that is surgically placed directly into the stomach.

Parenteral nutrition

The provision of nutrients directly into the bloodstream.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

A nutrition delivery system providing complete nutrition, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN)

A type of nutritional support used for short-term needs.

Integrative medicine

A medical approach that blends conventional treatments with alternative therapies.