Jazz Appreciation Exam #3

A recording strike by the American Federation of Musicians from 1942-1943 prevented new recordings from being made.

Why did Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker's musical innovations go unheard?

They were often harassed by white policemen and soldiers for being well dressed and looking successful

What effect did the racial pressure of World War 2 have on Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, and other young musicians?

52nd Street

Where did the new center of jazz move to after leaving Harlem?

He wrote specifically for the unique playing style of each member of his orchestra

What key strategy did Duke Ellington use when he composed?

Ben Webster

What featured tenor saxophonist, nicknamed "the Brute," was one of Duke Ellington's greatest soloist and greatest troublemaker?

He led an integrated jazz band, called the "Wolfpack Band," that performed for troops.

What did pianist Dave Brubeck do while in the army overseas in World War 2?

That despite fighting for freedom in Europe, people of color were still oppressed and discriminated against at home in the United States

What shocked Dave Brubeck and his men when the World War 2 ended and they returned to the United States?

The bebop innovations of Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie

After the end of World War 2 and the end of the recording ban, what music was finally able to be heard on records?

"Ko-ko" by Charlie Parker

What song shocked people with its vibrant jazz innovations?

The end of World War 2

What marked the end of the swing bands?

The small group jam session

At the end of World War 2, what freewheeling, competitive, and demanding musical situation became the model for jazz?

Bebop

What was the name for the new, angular, exciting, and frenetic new style of small group jazz?

Many young musicians, on all instruments. were emulating Parker's playing style

What was Charlie Parker surprised to discover when he returned to New York after his rehab in Los Angeles?

Music critics

Who insisted on calling the new style of jazz "bebop?"

They felt that Armstrong was fulfilling too many stereotypes

After World War 2, how did young black Americans begin to feel about Louis Armstrong?

He made recordings playing with orchestras

What did Charlie Parker do when he returned from Europe to help broaden his audience?

Birdland

What new club opened in New York that was named after "the new king of bebop," Charlie Parker?

Trumpet player from East St. Louis who developed a more lyrical, delicate, and understated way of playing that became highly influential

Who was Miles Davis?

Bud Powell

Who brought all of the intricacies of bebop to the piano?

Ella Fitzgerald

Who brought all the intricacies of bebop to singing?

The Modern Jazz Quartet

What group set out to present bebop music with dignity?

White beatniks and intellectuals in New York City

Who became fascinated and obsessed with bebop music?

Bebop as a valid style of jazz

What controversy divided jazz fans and musicians?

Thelonious Monk

Who was the pianist and composer that helped create bebop and was known as "The High Priest of Bebop?"

Monk losing his cabaret card, which was needed by a musicians to perform at New York Jazz clubs, due to not being willing to rat out Bud Powell to the police.

What did great damage to Thelonious Monk's career?

"Cool" and "West Coast Jazz"

What became the label(s) for the new style of jazz happening in California after World War 2 popularized by baritone saxophonist Gerry Mulligan and pianist Dave Brubeck?

Jazz promoter and producer that created "Jazz at the Philharmonic," a traveling all-star, integrated concert serious promoting jazz music and striving for equal treatment of all musicians despite their color

Who was Norman Granz?

The death of his two year old daughter

What tragedy caused Charlie Parker to spiral out of control?

34 years old

How old was Bird at his untimely death at the Stanhope Hotel in 1955?

Locked himself in the guesthouse on his father's farm and didn't eat or drink for 7 days

How did Miles Davis kick his heroin habit?

The creation and popularity of Soul and Rock and Roll music.

What continued to shrink the audiences and interest in jazz music in the 1950s?

His sensitive and delicate interpretation of ballads

What type of playing and music started earning new audiences for Miles Davis?

Finished four albums in two day for Prestige records to complete his contractual obligation to them

What did Miles Davis do to enable him to be free to sign with Columbia Records?

Trumpet playing virtuoso that was the consummate professional, shunning alcohol and drugs to focus on playing his very best of all the time

Who was Clifford Brown?

Innovative jazz vocalist with great harmonic sophistication and technical prowess that thought of herself as a "musician" and not just a "singer"

Who was Sarah Vaughn?

Drummer and band leader that lead his "Jazz Messengers" band playing hard bop jazz for over 40 years.

Who was Art Blakey?

A style of jazz that contained overt gospel and blues influences, provided an earthy alternative to west coast jazz, and represented a return to African American musical roots

What did "hard bop" stand for?

Miles Davis

Who was the highest paid jazz musician, black or white, in the 1950s?

His innovative modal album Kind of Blue

What did Miles Davis astonish the world with in 1959?

Tenor saxophonist, composer, and bandleader that pushed the boundaries of jazz in the 1960s after experiencing what he called a spiritual awakening that freed him from his substance abuse issues and allowed him to become one of the most influential American musicians of all time

Who was John Coltrane?

Pianist Thelonious Monk and drummer Kenny Clarke (Klooke)

What two musicians co-led the house band at Minton's?

Queens, New York

What became Louis Armstrong's home for the rest of his life, thanks to his wife Lucille?

Billie Holiday

Who was the unofficial "queen of 52nd Street?"

Her struggles/relationships with men that mistreated her, her substance abuse, and the death of her mother

What drastically affected Billie Holiday's music, making it more sad, lonely, and haunted?

He toured with his orchestra constantly and composed music constantly

What did Duke Ellington do throughout World War 2?

Moving past the three-minute limitations of recoding with his long form, three movement piece "Black, Brown, and Beige."

What "mold" did Duke Ellington want to push through?

Heroin

What had a devastating impact on jazz musicians in New York?

Sonny Rollins

What innovative tenor saxophonist became a star and heir-apparent to Charlie Parker?

With a wildly popular performance at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1956 that was also released as a live recording that became his best-selling album of all time

Where did Duke Ellington find rejuvenation for his career?

Armstrong did not seem to distinguish between art and entertainment

What bothered a lot of people, particularly young black Americans, about Louis Armstrong n

Seeing the problems of school integration in Arkansas on the news on television

What caused Louis Armstrong to take a public stand for equal rights?

Billie Holiday and Lester Young

What two legends and friends died from substance abuse just two months apart from each other in 1959?

Overtly connected it to spirituality

What did John Coltrane do to jazz?

Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker

Who were the leaders of bebop the new form of jazz developed during World War II?

Minton's Playhouse

What Harlem club was the home of musicians experimenting with playing bebop?

The United States' spirit of freedom

What did Jazz represent during World War 2?

Pianist and composer Billy Strayhorn

Who did Duke Ellington meet in Pittsburgh that became a key component on Duke's band and success for nearly 30 years?

Billy Strayhorn

Who wrote Ellington hit them song "Take the A Train?"

Both became members of Earl Hines big band and spent a lot of time on the road together jamming

What helped strengthen the musical bond between Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie?

McCoy Tyler on piano, Jimmy Garrison on bass, and Elvin Jones on drums

Who was in the classic John Coltrane Quartet?

He freed music from standard harmonic and rhythmic structures

What radical approach did saxophonist Ornate Coleman take?

Still learning (53)

You've started learning these terms. Keep it up!