Environmental Inequality Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to environmental inequality, GMOs, ocean pollution, deforestation, and gender equality as discussed in the lecture notes.

GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)

An organism whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering methods.

Selective Breeding

A traditional method of modifying organisms by choosing which individuals to breed based on desired traits.

Alfalfa

An agronomic crop that is commonly grown and can be genetically modified.

Algal Bloom

Rapid increase of algae in water, often due to excess nutrients, which can harm aquatic ecosystems.

Hypoxia

Condition in water bodies where oxygen levels are low, often due to excessive nutrient levels.

Transgenic DNA

DNA that has been transferred from one organism to another, which may create unintended consequences.

Deforestation

The purposeful clearing of forested land by human activity, significantly altering landscapes.

Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing

Fishing activities that are conducted outside the regulatory frameworks, posing threats to fish populations.

Nutient Excessiveness

An overabundance of nutrients in a water body, leading to harmful environmental effects.

Gender Equality

The state of equal access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including in politics, health, and education.

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)

Rapidly growing algal blooms that can produce toxins impacting marine life and human health.

Carbon Emissions from Palm Oil

Significant release of CO2 into the atmosphere from the harvesting of palm oil, especially in peatland areas.

Ocean Pollution

Contamination of ocean waters with various harmful substances including plastics, chemicals, and waste.

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

Area of sea up to 200 nautical miles from a country's coast, within which it has special rights to explore and use marine resources.

Legislated Gender Quotas

Laws mandating a certain percentage of women in political positions to promote gender equality.