modules

module

a single file, containing Python code that someone
else wrote

package

multiple related modules put together

library

another term for module

example of a module being imported without "everything being brought in" and without bringing in specific functions

example of a module being imported without "everything being brought in" but with certain functions brought in

example of EVERYTHING being imported from a module

accessing a module in a package

importing a module for a certain function and nicknaming that function

docstring

a string that is the first line of indented code after the definition of a function. this states what the function does and gives information about parameters needed, default parameter values, return values, etc.
This string is usually in triple quotes

a command that will display the names and docstrings for every function inside, after the module is imported

import math
help(<module name>)
example:
help(math)

a command that will display the docstring of one function, after the module for the function has been imported

import math
help(<function name>)
example:
help(math.sqrt)

abstraction

abstraction == independence and isolation.
a function should not have to worry about if other functions are working. we can ignore the details of how other parts of the
program work, while we focus on one particular part