ch 4 mls325

organic

what type of molecules are amino acids

what groups make up an a.a

amino group, carboxyl group,and r group

what side is thr amino group always on

left

amino acid types

non-polar, neutral,basic,acidic

positive

if an a.a is considered basic, what type of charge does it have

negative

if an a.a is considered acidic, what type of charge does it have

nonpolar

hydrophobic

whats special ab the a.a phenylalanine and tryptophan

they have ring structures that are important for protein concentration

polar

hydrophilic

essential amino acids

isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine

peptide bond

joins together a.a (-C-C-N)

Isoelectric pH(pI)

majority of molecules in a compound have no net charge

formula for pI

pKa1+pKa2/ 2

what can the a.a seq determine

protein structure and function

primary struc

a.a seq ; peptide bond from a.a

what type of bond is peptide bond

covalent

secondary struc

from H+ bonds between peptide bond

what are the type of secondary struc

a-helix and beta pleated sheets

tertiary struc

3D struc; stabilized by 4 interactions

4 interactions are

hydrophobic ,ionic, H bond ,disulfide

quaternary

multiple protein chains work tg

dimer

2 monomers

trimer

3 monomers

tetramer

4 monomers

what do 3 nucleotides make up

1 codon

isoaccepting species of tRNA

recognize diff codons and bind to same a.a

protein 3 large classes

fibrous, globular, membrane

anticodon

complementary condon binfs to mRNA

dissociation of ribosome

IF3 binds to 30S and prevents it from rejoining 50S

At end of translation, 70S—>30S+50S

Free 30S can now form a new initiation complex on mRNA

At end of translation, 70S—>30S+50S with the help of what?

RRF and EFG

RRF

Ribosome recycling factor

Formation of 70S initiation

30S binds mRNA and intiator tRNA;50S joins the complex

GTP is hydrolyzed

all intiation factors leave w/ ribosome sites being clear ,ready for elongation

what hydrolyzes GTP

IF2

when gtp is hydrolyzed, what is released

energy

GTP being hydrolyzed

what acts like a signal that shows initiation is finished

A site

for 1st step of translation elongation, new charged tRNA comes and enters what site

aminoacyl-tRNA

another name for charged tRNA

what are required in translation elongation

elongation factors, energy from GTP, and formation of peptide bonds btwn a.a

A & P sites

in elongation what sites do peptide bonds form

what do elongation factors do

help bring correct tRNA to A site

eukaryotes in translation

80S—>40S+60S

prokaryotes in translation

70S—>30S+50S