16B

Collapse of the Republic in 1660

The end of the Major-Generals marked the collapse of the Republic due to inconsistent policies, alienation of the Political Nation, and association with unpopular issues like military rule, religious radicalism, higher taxation, and interference in local government.

The Case of James Nayler, 1656

James Nayler's blasphemous behavior led to a public disturbance, highlighting the consequences of religious toleration and the limits of Parliament's legal powers during the Second Protectorate Parliament.

The Militia Bill, 1657

The rejection of the Militia Bill by Parliament signified the end of the Major-Generals' rule, reflecting the unpopularity of the regime and the resistance to military influence in politics.

The Humble Petition and Advice, 1657

The proposal for Cromwell to become King under the Humble Petition aimed to reshape the Protectorate by granting Cromwell legitimate authority from Parliament, emphasizing a balance of power between the Crown, Parliament, and religious toleration.

Richard Cromwell's Protectorate

Richard Cromwell's rule faced challenges due to his reliance on civilian advisers, resentment within the Army over arrears of payment, and the inability to navigate the political landscape effectively, leading to the fall of the Protectorate and the return of power to the Army Council.

The Rump

Refers to the remnant of the Long Parliament in England after Pride's Purge, which was reinstated in May 1659 and faced opposition from the Army.

Lambert and Haselrig

Lambert, the leading Army General, and Haselrig, the leading republican MP, had opposing views and played significant roles in the power struggles during the return of the Rump.

Booth’s Rising

An uprising led by Sir George Booth in August 1659, expressing anti-Rump sentiment and Presbyterian sympathies, rather than a pro-Stuart movement.

Committee of Safety

Established in October to December 1659 by the Council of Officers to form an interim government and legitimize military rule during the power struggle with the Rump.

General Monck

General George Monck, commander of the Army forces in Scotland, played a crucial role in opposing the Council of Officers and ultimately facilitated the Stuart Restoration.

The restored Long Parliament

Refers to the Long Parliament of 1640, which was reinstated in February 1660 and played a key role in the transition to the Stuart Restoration by dissolving itself and paving the way for the Convention Parliament.