APUSH Spring Terms Part 1

Jamestown (Virginia Colony)

1607 First permanent English settlement led by John Smith

Plymouth (New England Colony)

1620 Founded by Separatist Pilgrims for religious freedom; led by William Bradford

Mayflower Compact

1620 Agreement to establish a “civill body politic” and submit to majority rule

Puritan Beliefs

Ex; John Winthrop “City Upon a Hill”

Deism

Enlightenment belief in a rational God who created the Universe but does not intervene

House of Burgesses

The first elected legislative assembly in the American colonies

John Rolfe

Jamestown leader who introduced tobacco as a cash crop and marries Pocahontas

Mercantilism

Economic policy where colonies exist to enrich the mother country via raw materials and markets

Salutary Neglect

British policy of loosely enforcing Navigation Acts as long as colonies remained profitable

Great Awakening

1730s-1740s Religious revival that emphasized emotionalism and individual spiritual authority

Colonial Assemblies

Local elective bodies that claimed the right to levy taxes and pass local laws

Albany Congress

1754 meeting to discuss Indian treaty and colonial defense; “Join or Die”

French and Indian War

1754-1763 conflict ending French presence in North America but causing massive British debt

Navigation Acts

Laws requiring colonial trade on British ships through British ports; taxed imports and exports

Pontiac’s Rebellion

1763 Native American uprising against British westward expansion after the war

Proclamation of 1763

British law banning colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

Stamp Act Congress

1765 meeting protesting “taxation without representation”; first unified colonial resistance

Townshend Acts

1767 external taxes on lead

Coercive (Intolerable) Acts

British response to Boston Tea Party; closed Boston port and limited MA government

Republic

A government where power resides in the people and is exercised by elected representatives

First Continental Congress

1774 meeting to protest Intolerable Acts; organized boycott of British goods

Second Continental Congress

1775 meeting that managed the war effort and adopted the Declaration of Independence

Common Sense

1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine arguing for independence from Britain

Declaration of Independence

1776 document listing grievances and asserting natural rights

Saratoga

1777 American victory that convinced France to join as an ally

Treaty of Paris 1783

Ended the Revolution; Britain recognized US independence and set Mississippi River boundary

Articles of Confederation

First US government; weak central authority lacking power to tax or regulate trade

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Established process for new states and banned slavery in Northwest Territory

Shays’ Rebellion

Farmer uprising exposing weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

US Constitution

1787 framework creating a stronger federal government with three branches

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of the Constitution who feared strong central government and wanted a Bill of Rights

Federalist Papers

Essays by Hamilton Madison and Jay supporting Constitution ratification

Bill of Rights

First ten amendments protecting individual and state liberties

Hamilton v. Jefferson

Debate over federal power (loose vs strict interpretation) and economy (industry vs agriculture)

Proclamation of Neutrality

1793 Washington declaration to avoid involvement in European wars

Pinckney’s Treaty

1795 agreement with Spain allowing US navigation on the Mississippi River

Whiskey Rebellion

1794 protest against excise tax; federal troops showed government strength

Alien and Sedition Acts

Federalist laws limiting immigrants and silencing political opposition

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Asserted states could nullify unconstitutional federal laws

Louisiana Purchase

1803 land deal doubling US size and securing Mississippi River and New Orleans

Marbury v. Madison

1803 case establishing judicial review

Embargo Act of 1807

Jefferson’s ban on foreign trade hurting US economy

Hartford Convention

1814 Federalist protest of War of 1812 leading to party decline

Treaty of Ghent

1814 ended War of 1812 restoring prewar conditions

American System

Henry Clay plan for bank tariffs and internal improvements

Missouri Compromise

1820 agreement balancing slave and free states with 36°30′ line

Monroe Doctrine

1823 warning to Europe to stay out of Western Hemisphere